Recently, various synthetic methods have been developed to synthesize graphdiyne (GDY) in the aspect of controlled layer and different morphologies. The ideal GDY should have a large crystal domain size with only one atomic layer and possess excellent mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic intrinsic properties. However, there is still a gap between the reality and ideality on the road to perfect GDY, which results from the synthetic challenges from the terminal alkynes coupling efficiencies, side reactions, free rotation of carbon-carbon single bond between the diacetylenic linkages, small domain size, defects, and the uncontrollability of thickness. In this review, we will summarize the advances of synthetic methodology in improving the quality and yield of GDY from the perspective of fundamental acetylenic coupling reactions. We aim to stimulate the interest of researchers working in controlled synthesis and broaden application fields of GDY.

近来，在受控层和不同形态方面已经开发了各种合成方法来合成石墨二炔（GDY）。理想的GDY应该具有仅具有一个原子层的大晶畴尺寸，并具有出色的机械，电子，光学和磁性本征特性。但是，在实现完美GDY的过程中，现实与理想之间仍然存在差距，这是由于末端炔烃的耦合效率，副反应，二乙炔键之间的碳-碳单键自由旋转，小结构域等综合性挑战造成的尺寸，缺陷和厚度的不可控制性。在这篇综述中，我们将从基本炔偶联反应的角度总结合成方法在提高GDY的质量和收率方面的进展。