Abstract Nickel (Ni) current collectors having a three-dimensional and porous structure are considered attractive contestants for high-efficiency supercapacitors. Therefore, Ni current collectors have a unique architecture and outstanding electrochemical properties. This study reports the effect of electrochemical characterizations on the electrochemical behavior and physical properties of Ni mesh and Ni foam. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) are used to examine the electrochemical properties and life span of the Ni mesh and Ni foam as a current collector in a supercapacitor application. Structural and microstructural characterizations are performed to verify the formation of an oxide layer after 1000 cycles of CV analysis. Results show that Ni foam can increase the yield electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor. Ni foam present better efficiency (35 F g−1) compared to the Ni mesh (12 F g−1) at 10 mV s−1 scan rate by using 2 mg imaginary mass of active material. This result shows that Ni foam has good electrochemical performance and reversibility, higher pseudocapacitance, weaker polarization, and enhance rotating performance as to Ni mesh. The porous structure of Ni foam is in control for improving of the electrochemical properties, therefore, the electrochemical region was increased and shortened ion diffusion. Structural analysis shows that Ni mesh and Ni foam are oxidized after the electrochemical analysis and transformed to nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH). Higher specific surface area between the electrode and electrolyte leads to excellent electrochemical and pseudocapacitive performance of the Ni foam compared to the Ni mesh, even if the materials of current collectors are the same. Hence, the physical structure of the current collectors have a critical part in improving the energy density of the supercapacitor.

中文翻译：

---

用于超级电容器应用的镍网和泡沫镍集电器的特性

摘要 具有三维多孔结构的镍 (Ni) 集流体被认为是高效超级电容器的有吸引力的竞争者。因此，Ni 集流体具有独特的结构和出色的电化学性能。本研究报告了电化学表征对镍网和泡沫镍的电化学行为和物理性能的影响。循环伏安法 (CV) 和恒电流充电放电 (GCD) 用于检查作为超级电容器应用中集电器的镍网和泡沫镍的电化学性能和寿命。进行结构和微观结构表征以验证在 1000 次 CV 分析循环后氧化层的形成。结果表明，泡沫镍可以提高超级电容器的良率电化学性能。与镍网（12 F g-1）相比，在 10 mV s-1 扫描速率下，通过使用 2 mg 假想质量的活性材料，泡沫镍表现出更好的效率（35 F g-1）。该结果表明泡沫镍具有良好的电化学性能和可逆性，较高的赝电容，较弱的极化，并增强了镍网的旋转性能。泡沫镍的多孔结构控制了电化学性能的提高，因此增加了电化学区域并缩短了离子扩散。结构分析表明，镍网和泡沫镍在电化学分析后被氧化并转化为氢氧化镍（NiOOH）。与镍网相比，电极和电解质之间更高的比表面积导致泡沫镍具有优异的电化学和赝电容性能，即使集流体的材料相同。因此，集流体的物理结构对于提高超级电容器的能量密度具有关键作用。