Abstract The increasing landscape heterogeneity in the agro-pastoral areas and the contradiction between the development and biodiversity conservation is becoming more and more prominent, especially in Northwest China. Rational ecological network construction has become an important issue for ecological restoration and ecological security pattern strategy. Taking a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the upper Yellow River valley as the study area, an ecological network was established using Graphab software based on the integral landscape heterogeneity analysis, in which the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and structural equation model (SEM) were used to identify the ecological source regions and determine the resistance surface. The results showed that grazing and agricultural activities are the main reasons for the landscape complexity and heterogeneity. SEM also revealed the interactions between geographical conditions and landscape heterogeneity. The regression coefficients showed that the contribution of various factors on landscape heterogeneity were in order from strong to weak elevation, roads, settlements and slope. The influencing effects on landscape patterns were mainly reflected by the patch density, fractal dimension and landscape division indexes, with coefficients of −0.94, −0.91 and −0.88, respectively. The established ecological network shows that the overall planning of natural habitat and cultivated land will effectively improve the landscape quality. The presence of "stepping stone" patches in the central and eastern regions of the study area increases the landscape connectivity. In addition, the rational planning and utilization of high heterogeneity areas in the landscape are critical for maintaining the structure and function of the landscape. Findings from our study could provide a reference method for maintaining the landscape stability and sustainable development of heterogeneous agro-pastoral ecotones.

中文翻译：

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黄河流域上游异质农牧区生态网络建设

摘要 农牧区景观异质性日益加剧，开发与生物多样性保护之间的矛盾日益突出，尤其是在西北地区。合理的生态网络建设已成为生态修复和生态安全格局战略的重要课题。以黄河流域上游典型农牧交错带为研究区，基于整体景观异质性分析，利用Graphab软件建立生态网络，其中形态空间格局分析（MSPA）和结构方程模型（SEM） )用于识别生态源区和确定阻力面。结果表明，放牧和农业活动是造成景观复杂性和异质性的主要原因。SEM 还揭示了地理条件和景观异质性之间的相互作用。回归系数表明，各因素对景观异质性的贡献从高到弱依次为高程、道路、聚落和坡度。对景观格局的影响主要体现在斑块密度、分形维数和景观划分指标上，系数分别为-0.94、-0.91和-0.88。已建立的生态网络表明，自然栖息地和耕地的整体规划将有效提高景观质量。“垫脚石”的存在 研究区中部和东部地区的斑块增加了景观连通性。此外，景观中高异质性区域的合理规划和利用对于维持景观的结构和功能至关重要。我们的研究结果可为维持异质农牧交错带的景观稳定性和可持续发展提供参考方法。