Abstract Legume crops have a number of advantages for dealing with current environmental and food challenges. However, the area under grain and forage legumes has greatly decreased in recent decades in Europe. Attempts to foster the development of legumes will require the sharing and coordination of the visions, objectives, strategies and actions of different stakeholders at territorial level. Participatory approaches can facilitate this by involving stakeholders in the design of prospective territorial scenarios, rendering them more realistic by integrating local pedoclimatic and socioeconomic contexts and the possibilities for stakeholder action. We followed a participatory approach for designing and assessing prospective scenarios at territorial scale, addressing local agricultural issues through crop diversification with legumes. The participating stakeholders came from various organizations in the domains of agriculture (agronomists and supply chain stakeholders), the environment, and research. A description and multicriteria characterization of current and prospective crop management plans was first obtained from national statistical data, face-to-face surveys and participatory workshops. The results of this first step were then used for simulation of the current territory (distribution of crops and crop management plans within the territory), with the validation of this simulation by local stakeholders during a participatory workshop. This simulation was used as the baseline for the design and assessment of prospective scenarios. In a third step, stakeholders proposed and discussed various objectives for their territory during a participatory workshop. Four scenarios were then simulated with a linear-programming tool, optimizing the distribution of crop management plans to respect constraints based on the objectives proposed by stakeholders. Depending on the scenarios, the area under legume ranged from 8.8 to 22.8%, compared to 5.9% for the current territory. Finally, agronomic (yields), socioeconomic (e.g. semi-net margin, working load) and environmental performance (e.g. Nitrate leaching, TFI) were assessed, and the results and conditions for the implementation of scenarios were discussed with stakeholders at another participatory workshop. Stakeholders had to express their views on the values and limitations of the scenarios. The stakeholders considered this participatory approach to be successful, and the scenarios proved to be a good basis for discussions about the future of agriculture within the territory and about new levers for reintroducing legumes. Following this study, part of the involved stakeholders initiated local projects in the territory.

中文翻译：

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将豆类重新引入法国领土的农艺方案的参与式设计

摘要 豆类作物在应对当前的环境和食品挑战方面具有许多优势。然而，近几十年来，欧洲谷物和牧草豆类的面积已大大减少。促进豆类发展的尝试将需要在地区层面上不同利益相关者的愿景、目标、战略和行动的共享和协调。参与式方法可以通过让利益相关者参与未来领土情景的设计来促进这一点，通过整合当地的气候和社会经济背景以及利益相关者行动的可能性，使它们更加现实。我们采用参与式方法来设计和评估地域范围内的预期情景，通过豆类作物多样化来解决当地农业问题。参与的利益相关者来自农业（农学家和供应链利益相关者）、环境和研究领域的各种组织。当前和未来作物管理计划的描述和多标准特征首先从国家统计数据、面对面调查和参与式研讨会中获得。然后将第一步的结果用于模拟当前领土（领土内的作物分布和作物管理计划），并在参与式研讨会期间由当地利益相关者验证该模拟。该模拟被用作设计和评估预期情景的基线。第三步，利益相关者在参与式研讨会期间提出并讨论了其领土的各种目标。然后使用线性规划工具模拟四种情景，优化作物管理计划的分布，以尊重基于利益相关者提出的目标的限制条件。根据不同的情景，豆科植物的种植面积从 8.8% 到 22.8% 不等，而当前领土为 5.9%。最后，评估了农艺（产量）、社会经济（例如半净利润率、工作负荷）和环境绩效（例如硝酸盐浸出、TFI），并在另一个参与性研讨会上与利益相关者讨论了实施方案的结果和条件。利益相关者必须表达他们对情景的价值和局限性的看法。利益相关者认为这种参与式方法是成功的，事实证明，这些情景为讨论该领土内农业的未来以及重新引入豆类的新手段奠定了良好的基础。在这项研究之后，部分相关利益相关者在该领土启动了本地项目。