Cow manure is not only an agricultural waste, but also an organic fertilizer resource. The application of organic fertilizer is a feasible practice to mitigate the soil degradation caused by overuse of chemical fertilizers, which can affect the bacterial diversity and community composition in soils. However, to our knowledge, the information about the soil bacterial diversity and composition in tea plantation applied with cow manure fertilization was limited. In this study, we performed one field trial to research the response of the soil bacterial community to cow manure fertilization compared with urea fertilization using the high-throughput sequencing technique of 16S rRNA genes, and analyzed the relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil characteristics during different tea-picking seasons using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the soil bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria across all tea-picking seasons. Therein, there were significant differences of bacterial communities in soils with cow manure fertilization (CMF) and urea fertilization (UF) in three seasons: the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in CMF was significantly higher than that in UF and CK in spring, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in CMF was significantly higher than that in UF and CK in autumn. So, the distribution of the dominant phyla was mainly affected by cow manure fertilization. The diversity of bacterial communities in soils with cow manure fertilization was higher than that in soils with urea fertilization, and was the highest in summer. Moreover, soil pH, OM and AK were important environmental properties affecting the soil bacterial community structure in tea plantation. Although different fertilizers and seasons affect the diversity and structure of soil microorganisms, the application of cow manure can not only improve the diversity of soil bacteria, but also effectively regulate the structure of soil bacterial community in tea plantation. So, cow manure fertilization is more suitable for tea plantation.

中文翻译：

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施用牛粪肥可有效调节茶园中的土壤细菌群落。

牛粪肥不仅是农业废料，还是有机肥料资源。有机肥的施用是减轻因过度使用化肥而引起的土壤退化的可行方法，化学肥料的使用会影响土壤中细菌的多样性和群落组成。然而，据我们所知，有关施用牛粪肥的茶园土壤细菌多样性和组成的信息有限。在这项研究中，我们使用16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术进行了一项田间试验，以研究土壤细菌群落对奶牛粪肥的反应与尿素肥料的反应，并利用Spearman等级相关分析法分析了不同采茶季节土壤细菌群落与土壤特性之间的关系。结果表明，在整个采茶季节中，土壤细菌群落主要由变形杆菌，拟杆菌，酸性细菌和放线菌组成。其中，在三个季节中，采用牛粪肥（CMF）和尿素肥（UF）的土壤中细菌群落存在显着差异：春季中CMF中的拟杆菌的相对丰度显着高于UF和CK中的细菌。秋季，CMF中细菌和拟杆菌的丰度显着高于UF和CK。因此，优势种的分布主要受牛粪肥的影响。施用牛粪肥料的土壤中细菌群落的多样性高于使用尿素肥料的土壤，并且在夏季最高。此外，土壤pH，OM和AK是影响茶园土壤细菌群落结构的重要环境特性。尽管不同的肥料和季节会影响土壤微生物的多样性和结构，但施用牛粪肥不仅可以改善土壤细菌的多样性，而且可以有效地调节茶园土壤细菌群落的结构。因此，牛粪肥更适合茶园种植。OM和AK是影响茶园土壤细菌群落结构的重要环境特性。尽管不同的肥料和季节会影响土壤微生物的多样性和结构，但施用牛粪肥不仅可以改善土壤细菌的多样性，而且可以有效地调节茶园土壤细菌群落的结构。因此，牛粪肥更适合茶园种植。OM和AK是影响茶园土壤细菌群落结构的重要环境特性。尽管不同的肥料和季节会影响土壤微生物的多样性和结构，但施用牛粪肥不仅可以改善土壤细菌的多样性，而且可以有效地调节茶园土壤细菌群落的结构。因此，牛粪肥更适合茶园种植。