Modern psychological theories postulate that individual differences in prejudice are determined by social and ideological attitudes instead of personality. For example, the dual-process motivational (DPM) model argues that personality does not directly associate with prejudice when controlling for the attitudinal variables that capture the authoritarian-conservatism motivation and the dominance motivation. Previous studies testing the DPM model largely relied on convenience samples and/or European samples, and have produced inconsistent results. Here we examined the extent to which anti-black prejudice was associated with the Big Five personality traits and social and ideological attitudes (authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, political party affiliation) in two large probability samples of the general population (N₁ = 3,132; N₂ = 2,483) from the American National Election Studies (ANES). We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the causal assumptions between the latent variables and used survey weights to generate estimates that were representative of the population. Different from prior theories, across both datasets we found that two personality traits, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were directly associated with anti-black prejudice when controlling for authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political party affiliation. We also found that a substantial part of the associations between personality traits and anti-black prejudice were mediated through those social and ideological attitudes, which might serve as candidates for prejudice-reduction interventions in the real world.

现代心理学理论认为，偏见的个体差异是由社会和意识形态态度决定的，而不是由个性决定的。例如，双过程动机（DPM）模型认为，在控制捕获威权保守主义动机和支配性动机的态度变量时，人格并不直接与偏见相关。之前测试 DPM 模型的研究主要依赖于便利样本和/或欧洲样本，并且产生了不一致的结果。在这里，我们在两个大概率的普通人群样本中（N ₁ = 3,132；N 1 = 3,132；N 1 = 3,132；N ₂ = 2,483）来自美国国家选举研究（ANES）。我们进行结构方程模型 (SEM) 来测试潜在变量之间的因果假设，并使用调查权重来生成代表总体的估计值。与之前的理论不同，在这两个数据集中，我们发现，在控制威权主义、社会统治取向和政党关系时，两种人格特质，即宜人性和尽责性，与反黑人偏见直接相关。我们还发现，人格特质与反黑人偏见之间的很大一部分关联是通过这些社会和意识形态态度来调节的，这可能可以作为现实世界中减少偏见干预措施的候选者。