The survival and development of bivalve larvae is adversely impacted by ocean acidification and Vibrio infection, indicating that bivalves need to simultaneously adapt to both stressors associated with anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we use a half-dial breeding design to estimate heritability (h²) for survival to Vibrio harveyi infection and larval shell length to aragonite undersaturated and normal conditions in laboratory-reared Crassostrea gigas. Phenotypic differences were observed between families for these traits with heritability estimated to be moderate for survival to V. harveyi challenge (h² = 0.25) and low for shell length in corrosive (Ω_aragonite = 0.9, h² = 0.15) and normal conditions (Ω_aragonite = 1.6, h² = 0.15). Predicted breeding values for larval shell length are correlated between aragonite-undersaturated and normal conditions (Spearman r = 0.63, p < 0.05), indicating that larger larvae tend to do better in corrosive seawater. Aquaculture hatcheries routinely cull slow-growing larvae to reduce and synchronize time taken for larvae to metamorphose to spat, thus inadvertently applying size-related selection for larger larvae. This indirect selection in the hatchery populations provides a plausible explanation why domesticated oyster populations are less sensitive to ocean acidification.

中文翻译：

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Crassostrea gigas对海洋酸化和哈维弧菌引起的疾病的适应潜力

海洋酸化和弧菌感染会对双壳虫幼虫的生存和发育产生不利影响，这表明双壳虫需要同时适应与人为气候变化相关的两个压力源。在这项研究中，我们使用半盘育种设计来估计在实验室饲养的Crassostrea gigas中哈维弧菌感染的存活率（h ²）和文石在饱和和正常条件下到文石的幼虫壳长。观察到这些特征在家庭之间的表型差异，遗传力估计对于哈维氏弧菌攻击（h ^2）的存活率是中等的。= 0.25），对于腐蚀性（Ω_文石= 0.9，h ² = 0.15）和正常条件（Ω_文石= 1.6，h ² = 0.15）的壳长较低。幼虫壳长的预计繁殖值与文石欠饱和条件和正常条件相关（Spearman r  = 0.63，p  < 0.05），说明在腐蚀性海水中，较大的幼体往往表现更好。水产养殖孵化场通常剔除生长缓慢的幼体，以减少并同步化为变态为幼体的时间，因此无意中将尺寸相关的选择应用于较大的幼体。孵化场种群之间的这种间接选择提供了一个合理的解释，即为什么驯养的牡蛎种群对海洋酸化不太敏感。