Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes serious neuronal injury that often leads to death. To date there is no clinically successful treatment strategy that has been reported which offers repair of the brain injury or neural injury. Significant attempts have been made to develop effective therapies for TBI, and one of the most promising approaches is a stem cell based therapeutic approach with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This approach is regarded as having the most potential in regenerative medicine. Toward this venture, the generation and release of exosomes can be attributed to the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles, carry proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, and assist in cell–cell communication. Exosomes can interact with brain parenchyma cells and with the neurogenic niche, which can help in neurogenesis and brain remodeling. Exosomes derived from MSCs and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be a promising approach in neuronal injury healing. In this Viewpoint, we discussed the most recent knowledge for exosome therapies for neural injuries and highlighted the major advantages of this therapy.

中文翻译：

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细胞衍生的外来体疗法：一种治疗创伤后脑损伤介导的神经损伤的新方法。

颅脑外伤（TBI）会导致严重的神经元受伤，并经常导致死亡。迄今为止，尚无临床上成功的治疗策略可以修复脑损伤或神经损伤。已经进行了尝试来开发用于TBI的有效疗法，并且最有前途的方法之一是具有间充质干细胞（MSC）的基于干细胞的治疗方法。这种方法被认为在再生医学中最具潜力。为此，外泌体的产生和释放可归因于MSC的治疗作用。外泌体是纳米大小的囊泡，携带蛋白质，脂质，mRNA和miRNA，并有助于细胞间的通讯。外泌体可以与脑实质细胞和神经源利基相互作用，可以帮助神经发生和大脑重塑。源自MSC和人类诱导的多能干细胞（hiPSC）的外来体可能是神经元损伤愈合中有希望的方法。在这种观点下，我们讨论了神经损伤外泌体疗法的最新知识，并强调了这种疗法的主要优势。