Hydrocarbon reservoirs’ formation damage is one of the essential issues in petroleum industries that is caused by drilling and production operations and completion procedures. Ineffective implementation of drilling fluid during the drilling operations led to large volumes of filtrated mud penetrating into the reservoir formation. Therefore, pore throats and spaces would be filled, and hydrocarbon mobilization reduced due to the porosity and permeability reduction. In this paper, a developed model was proposed to predict the filtrated mud saturation impact on the formation damage. First, the physics of the fluids were examined, and the governing equations were defined by the combination of general mass transfer equations. The drilling mud penetration in the core on the one direction and the removal of oil from the core, in the other direction, requires the simultaneous dissolution of water and oil flow. As both fluids enter and exit from the same core, it is necessary to derive the equations of drilling mud and oil flow in a one-dimensional process. Finally, due to the complexity of mass balance and fluid flow equations in porous media, the implicit pressure-explicit saturation method was used to solve the equations simultaneously. Four crucial parameters of oil viscosity, water saturation, permeability, and porosity were sensitivity-analyzed in this model to predict the filtrated mud saturation. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis for the crucial parameters, at a lower porosity (porosity = 0.2), permeability (permeability = 2 mD), and water saturation (saturation = 0.1), the filtrated mud saturation had decreased. This resulted in the lower capillary forces, which were induced to penetrate the drilling fluid to the formation. Therefore, formation damage reduced at lower porosity, permeability and water saturation. Furthermore, at higher oil viscosities, due to the increased mobilization of oil through the porous media, filtrated mud saturation penetration through the core length would be increased slightly. Consequently, at the oil viscosity of 3 cP, the decrease rate of filtrated mud saturation is slower than other oil viscosities which indicated increased invasion of filtrated mud into the formation.

中文翻译：

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隐式压力-显式饱和法在预测泥浆饱和度对油气藏形成损害影响中的应用

油气藏的地层破坏是石油工业中由钻井，生产作业和完井程序引起的重要问题之一。在钻井操作期间钻井液的无效实施导致大量的过滤后的泥浆渗透到储层中。因此，由于孔隙率和渗透率的降低，孔喉和空间将被填充，并且烃的迁移减少。在本文中，提出了一个开发模型来预测滤过的泥浆饱和度对地层损害的影响。首先，检查了流体的物理性质，并通过综合传质方程式定义了控制方程式。钻井泥浆在一个方向上渗透到岩心中，而在另一个方向上从岩心中去除油，需要同时溶解水和油流。当两种流体进入和流出同一岩心时，有必要在一维过程中推导钻井泥浆和油流方程。最后，由于多孔介质中质量平衡和流体流动方程的复杂性，采用隐式压力-显式饱和方法同时求解方程。在该模型中对油粘度，水饱和度，渗透率和孔隙度的四个关键参数进行了敏感性分析，以预测滤出的泥浆饱和度。根据关键参数的敏感性分析结果，在较低的孔隙度（孔隙度= 0.2），渗透率（渗透率= 2 mD）和水饱和度（饱和度= 0.1）下，滤出的泥浆饱和度降低了。这导致较低的毛细作用力，被诱使钻探液渗透到地层中。因此，在较低的孔隙度，渗透率和水饱和度下，地层损害减少。此外，在较高的油粘度下，由于油通过多孔介质的流动性增加，因此穿过岩心长度的滤过的泥浆饱和渗透率将略有增加。因此，在油粘度为3 cP时，滤过的泥浆饱和度的降低速率比其他油粘度要慢，这表明滤过的泥浆侵入地层的速度增加。穿过岩心长度的滤过的泥浆饱和渗透将略有增加。因此，在油粘度为3 cP时，滤过的泥浆饱和度的降低速率比其他油粘度要慢，这表明滤过的泥浆侵入地层的速度增加。穿过岩心长度的滤过的泥浆饱和渗透将略有增加。因此，在油粘度为3 cP时，滤过的泥浆饱和度的降低速度比其他油粘度要慢，这表明滤过的泥浆侵入地层的速度增加。