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Exploring the Drivers of Global and Local Sea‐Level Change Over the 21st Century and Beyond
Earth's Future ( IF 8.852 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.1029/2019ef001413
M. D. Palmer 1 , J. M. Gregory 1, 2 , M. Bagge 3 , D. Calvert 1 , J. M. Hagedoorn 4 , T. Howard 1 , V. Klemann 3 , J. A. Lowe 1 , C. D. Roberts 1, 5 , A. B. A. Slangen 6 , G. Spada 7
Affiliation  

We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections, and (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios, and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon, and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of local variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlight the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large ( > 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, time scale, and emissions scenario.

中文翻译:

探索21世纪及以后的全球和本地海平面变化的驱动因素

我们在RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下的潮汐仪位置示例中提供了一组新的全球和本地海平面预测。与IPCC AR5中基于CMIP5的海平面预测相比,我们引入了许多方法上的创新,包括(i)更全面地处理不确定性,(ii)全球和本地预测之间的直接可追溯性以及(iii)探索性扩展基于对单个CMIP5模型的仿真预测到2300。将这些预测与观测到的潮汐量表记录相结合,我们探讨了由海平面变化,不同排放情景和模型不确定性引起的总变化量。在2300年之前,我们进一步按海平面分量细分模型不确定性,并考虑对地理位置,时间范围,和排放情景。我们的分析强调了未来几十年局部变化对海平面变化的重要性以及对当地海平面变化的年际至十年预测的潜在价值。到2300年的预测表明,在所有考虑的排放情景下,承诺的海平面上升幅度都很大,并强调了与RCP8.5相比,RCP2.6和RCP4.5降低的未来风险。潮汐仪位置可能显示与全球平均水平相差较大(大于50%),在某些情况下,甚至使变化的迹象反转。尽管对未来南极冰动力响应的预测的不确定性往往在2100年以后占主导地位,但我们看到模型方差分解的细微差异随位置,时间尺度和排放情景而变。我们的分析强调了未来几十年局部变化对海平面变化的重要性以及对当地海平面变化的年际至十年预测的潜在价值。到2300年的预测显示,在所有考虑的排放情景下,承诺的海平面上升幅度都很大,并强调了与RCP8.5相比,RCP2.6和RCP4.5降低的未来风险。潮汐仪位置可能显示与全球平均水平相差较大(大于50%),在某些情况下,甚至使变化的迹象反转。尽管对未来南极冰动力响应的预测不确定性往往在2100年以后占主导地位,但我们看到模型方差分解中随位置,时间尺度和排放情景而变化的实质性差异。我们的分析强调了未来几十年局部变化对海平面变化的重要性以及对当地海平面变化的年际至十年预测的潜在价值。到2300年的预测显示,在所有考虑的排放情景下,承诺的海平面上升幅度都很大,并强调了与RCP8.5相比,RCP2.6和RCP4.5降低的未来风险。潮汐仪位置可能显示与全球平均水平相差较大(大于50%),在某些情况下,甚至使变化的迹象反转。尽管对未来南极冰动力响应的预测不确定性往往在2100年以后占主导地位,但我们看到模型方差分解中随位置,时间尺度和排放情景而变化的实质性差异。
更新日期:2020-06-18
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