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Resilience to Large, “Catastrophic” Wildfires in North America's Grassland Biome
Earth's Future Pub Date : 2020-05-26 , DOI: 10.1029/2020ef001487
Victoria M. Donovan 1 , Dirac Twidwell 1 , Daniel R. Uden 1, 2 , Tsegaye Tadesse 3 , Brian D. Wardlow 3, 4 , Christine H. Bielski 1 , Matthew O. Jones 5, 6 , Brady W. Allred 5, 6 , David E. Naugle 5 , Craig R. Allen 2
Affiliation  

Wildfires are ecosystem‐level drivers of structure and function in many vegetated biomes. While numerous studies have emphasized the benefits of fire to ecosystems, large wildfires have also been associated with the loss of ecosystem services and shifts in vegetation abundance. The size and number of wildfires are increasing across a number of regions, and yet the outcomes of large wildfire on vegetation at large‐scales are still largely unknown. We introduce an exhaustive analysis of wildfire‐scale vegetation response to large wildfires across North America's grassland biome. We use 18 years of a newly released vegetation data set combined with 1,390 geospatial wildfire perimeters and drought data to detect large‐scale vegetation response among multiple vegetation functional groups. We found no evidence of persistent declines in vegetation driven by wildfire at the biome level. All vegetation functional groups exhibited relatively rapid recovery to pre wildfire ranges of variation across the Great Plains ecoregions, with the exception being a persistent decrease in the abundance of trees in the Northwestern Great Plains. Drought intensity magnified immediate vegetation response to wildfire. Persistent declines in vegetation cover were observed at the scale of single pixels (30 m), suggesting that these responses were localized and represent extreme cases within larger wildfires. Our findings echo over a century of research demonstrating a biome resilient to wildfire.

中文翻译:

对北美草原生物群系中大型“灾难性”野火的抵御能力

野火是许多植被生物群落中生态系统层面结构和功能的驱动力。尽管许多研究都强调了火灾对生态系统的好处,但大火还与生态系统服务的丧失和植被丰度的变化有关。在许多地区,野火的规模和数量都在增加,但是大规模野火在大规模植被上的结果仍然未知。我们对北美草原生物群落中的野火规模植被对大型野火的反应进行了详尽的分析。我们使用18年的最新发布的植被数据集与1,390个地理空间野火周长和干旱数据相结合,来检测多个植被功能组之间的大规模植被响应。我们没有发现在生物群落水平上由野火驱动的植被持续减少的证据。在大平原生态区,所有植被功能群均显示出相对快速的恢复至野火前的变化范围,但西北大平原地区树木的丰度持续下降。干旱强度放大了植被对野火的立即反应。在单个像素(30 m)的尺度上观察到植被覆盖率持续下降,这表明这些响应是局部的,代表了较大的野火中的极端情况。我们的发现回响了一个多世纪的研究,证明了对野火有抵抗力的生物群落。在大平原生态区,所有植被功能群均显示出相对快速的恢复至野火前的变化范围,但西北大平原地区树木的丰度持续下降。干旱强度放大了植被对野火的立即反应。在单个像素(30 m)的尺度上观察到植被覆盖率持续下降,这表明这些响应是局部的,代表了较大的野火中的极端情况。我们的发现回响了一个多世纪的研究,证明了对野火有抵抗力的生物群落。在大平原生态区,所有植被功能群均显示出相对快速的恢复至野火前的变化范围,但西北大平原地区树木的丰度持续下降。干旱强度放大了植被对野火的立即反应。在单个像素(30 m)的尺度上观察到植被覆盖率持续下降,这表明这些响应是局部的,代表了较大的野火中的极端情况。我们的发现回响了一个多世纪的研究,证明了对野火有抵抗力的生物群落。在单个像素(30 m)的尺度上观察到植被覆盖率持续下降,这表明这些响应是局部的,代表了较大的野火中的极端情况。我们的发现回响了一个多世纪的研究,证明了对野火有抵抗力的生物群落。在单个像素(30 m)的尺度上观察到植被覆盖率持续下降,这表明这些响应是局部的,代表了较大的野火中的极端情况。我们的发现回响了一个多世纪的研究,证明了对野火有抵抗力的生物群落。
更新日期:2020-07-14
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