The input structure of the basal ganglia, striatum, receives dense neuromodulatory input in the form of dopamine and acetylcholine. The two systems are tightly connected, for example, synchronized activity of cholinergic interneurons, leading to increased acetylcholine release, has been shown to directly trigger dopamine release from dopaminergic terminals in striatum. Both signals are further needed for induction of locomotion. High dopamine concentration leads to increased excitability of the direct pathway striatal projection neurons. High cholinergic tone inhibits various potassium channels further increasing the excitability of striatal projection neurons. Here, we investigate the combined effect of concurrent high acetylcholine and dopamine using biophysically detailed models based on rodent data. The aim of the study is to investigate how neuromodulation affects dendritic integration. The result shows that neuromodulation paired with synaptic activation of dendrites can give rise to complex spiking patterns, resembling spike shapes seen in the hippocampus. In the hippocampus, these complex spikes are associated with behavioral time scale plasticity and place cell tuning. We further investigate the mechanisms behind the complex spikes and find that there are two components, one axo‐somatic and one dendritic in origin.

中文翻译：

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预测乙酰胆碱和多巴胺对神经调节后直接途径的纹状体投射神经元中的复杂峰

基底神经节的纹状体的输入结构以多巴胺和乙酰胆碱的形式接受密集的神经调节性输入。这两个系统紧密相连，例如，胆碱能中间神经元的同步活动导致乙酰胆碱释放增加，已显示直接触发纹状体中多巴胺能末端释放多巴胺。进一步需要两个信号来诱导运动。高多巴胺浓度导致直接途径纹状体投射神经元的兴奋性增加。高胆碱能的音调抑制了各种钾通道，进一步增加了纹状体投射神经元的兴奋性。在这里，我们使用基于啮齿动物数据的生物物理详细模型研究并发的高乙酰胆碱和多巴胺的联合作用。该研究的目的是研究神经调节如何影响树突状整合。结果表明，神经调节与树突突触激活相结合可产生复杂的尖峰模式，类似于在海马体中观察到的尖峰形状。在海马中，这些复杂的峰值与行为时间尺度可塑性和位置细胞调节有关。我们进一步研究了复杂的尖峰背后的机制，发现起源有两个组成部分，一个是轴突体，一个是树突状。这些复杂的峰值与行为时间尺度可塑性和位置单元调整有关。我们进一步研究了复杂的尖峰背后的机制，发现起源有两个组成部分，一个是轴突体，一个是树突状。这些复杂的峰值与行为时间尺度可塑性和位置单元调整有关。我们进一步研究了复杂的尖峰背后的机制，发现起源有两个组成部分，一个是轴突体，一个是树突状。