Bioengineered scaffolds composed of synthetic materials and extracellular matrix (ECM) components can offer a tissue‐specific microenvironment capable of regulating cells to regenerate the structure and function of the native cartilage. Here, given the potential preservation of biomechanical and biochemical cues found in the native cartilage, particulate decellularized ECM (DC‐ECM) was utilized for immobilization on the surface of nanofibrous scaffolds. Afterward, the chondro‐inductive potential and ectopic cartilage formation after subcutaneous implantation of bioengineered DC‐ECM scaffolds were investigated in mice model. Eight weeks post‐implantation, no growth of considerable inflammatory response and neovascularization was observed in histological images of bioengineered DC‐ECM scaffolds. Pre‐seeded bioengineered scaffolds with human adipose‐derived stem cells exhibited high levels of chondro‐induction capability, indicated with immunohistochemical and gene expression results. In both interval times, we also observed chondrogenesis and tissue formation after implanting unseeded bioengineered scaffolds, which denote that the presence of DC‐ECM particles can even enhance attachment and migration of the host cells and induce chondrogenesis to them. To sum up, the incorporation of DC‐ECM materials to tissue engineered constructs is a promising avenue to mimic the native tissue environment for regulation of cartilage regeneration in both in vivo and in vitro settings.

中文翻译：

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脱细胞细胞外基质颗粒诱导软骨形成的体内评价

由合成材料和细胞外基质 (ECM) 成分组成的生物工程支架可以提供组织特异性微环境，能够调节细胞再生天然软骨的结构和功能。在这里，鉴于天然软骨中发现的生物力学和生化线索的潜在保存，颗粒脱细胞 ECM (DC-ECM) 被用于固定在纳米纤维支架的表面。随后，在小鼠模型中研究了皮下植入生物工程 DC-ECM 支架后的软骨诱导电位和异位软骨形成。植入后八周，在​​生物工程 DC-ECM 支架的组织学图像中没有观察到明显的炎症反应和新血管形成。具有人类脂肪干细胞的预接种生物工程支架表现出高水平的软骨诱导能力，免疫组织化学和基因表达结果表明。在这两个间隔时间内，我们还观察到植入非种子生物工程支架后的软骨形成和组织形成，这表明 DC-ECM 颗粒的存在甚至可以增强宿主细胞的附着和迁移并诱导它们的软骨形成。总而言之，将 DC-ECM 材料掺入组织工程构建体中是一种有前途的途径，可以模拟天然组织环境，在体内和体外环境中调节软骨再生。我们还观察到植入非种子生物工程支架后的软骨形成和组织形成，这表明 DC-ECM 颗粒的存在甚至可以增强宿主细胞的附着和迁移并诱导它们的软骨形成。总而言之，将 DC-ECM 材料掺入组织工程构建体中是一种有前途的途径，可以模拟天然组织环境，在体内和体外环境中调节软骨再生。我们还观察到植入非种子生物工程支架后的软骨形成和组织形成，这表明 DC-ECM 颗粒的存在甚至可以增强宿主细胞的附着和迁移并诱导它们的软骨形成。总而言之，将 DC-ECM 材料掺入组织工程构建体中是一种有前途的途径，可以模拟天然组织环境，在体内和体外环境中调节软骨再生。