Cancer is a major public health issue and represents a significant burden in countries with different levels of economic wealth. In parallel, mosquito-borne infectious diseases represent a growing problem causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acknowledging that these two concerns are both globally distributed, it is essential to investigate whether they have a reciprocal connection that can fuel their respective burdens. Unfortunately, very few studies have examined the link between these two threats.

This review provides an overview of the possible links between mosquitoes, mosquito-borne infectious diseases and cancer. We first focus on the impact of mosquitoes on carcinogenesis in humans including the transmission of oncogenic pathogens through mosquitoes, the immune reactions following mosquito bites, the presence of non-oncogenic mosquito-borne pathogens, and the direct transmission of cancer cells. The second part of this review deals with the direct or indirect consequences of cancer in humans on mosquito behaviour. Thirdly, we discuss the potential impacts that natural cancers in mosquitoes can have on their life history traits and therefore on their vector capacity. Finally, we discuss the most promising research avenues on this topic and the integrative public health strategies that could be envisioned in this context.

癌症是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在经济财富水平各异的国家中代表着巨大的负担。同时，蚊媒传染病是一个日益严重的问题，在世界范围内引起大量发病和死亡。认识到这两个问题都是全球性的，因此有必要研究它们之间是否存在可以加重各自负担的对等关系。不幸的是，很少有研究检查这两种威胁之间的联系。

这篇综述概述了蚊子，蚊子传播的传染病和癌症之间的可能联系。我们首先关注蚊子对人类致癌作用的影响，包括致癌性病原体通过蚊子的传播，蚊子叮咬后的免疫反应，非致癌性蚊子传播的病原体的存在以及癌细胞的直接传播。这篇综述的第二部分讨论了人类癌症对蚊子行为的直接或间接后果。第三，我们讨论了蚊子中的天然癌症可能对其生命历史特征及其媒介能力产生的潜在影响。最后，我们讨论了有关该主题的最有前途的研究途径以及可以在这种情况下设想的综合公共卫生策略。