Carbon emission from the burning of fossil fuel has resulted in global warming. Climate change and global warming are among the most complex issues requiring immediate solutions. Microgrid (MG) based on renewable energy sources (RESs) can be used to reduce the carbon intensity of electricity and achieve the global decarbonization goal by 2050. Optimizing the size of the energy storage system (ESS) can ensure the sustainable, resilient, and economic operation of the MG. Thus, key features of the optimal ESS, including methods and algorithms of ESS sizing, power quality, reliability, connection mode, and public policy enforcement for low-carbon emission, must be identified. Existing literature mostly focuses on the cost-effective optimal sizing method based on capacity minimization, which overlooks other issues. This work reviews the features of optimal ESS sizing methods and algorithms, their characteristics, and the scenarios between ESS and decarbonization in MG applications to address their shortcomings. ESS characteristics on storage type, energy density, efficiency, advantages, and issues are analyzed. This review highlights details of ESS sizing to optimize storage capacity, reduce consumption, minimize storage cost, determine the optimal placement and mitigate carbon emission for decarbonization. The analyses on the understanding of decarbonization in relation to the use of ESS in MG scenarios are explained rigorously. Existing research gaps, issues, and challenges of ESS sizing for next-generation MG development are also highlighted. This review will strengthen the efforts of researchers and industrialists to develop an optimally sized ESS for future MGs that can contribute toward achieving the decarbonization goal.

化石燃料燃烧产生的碳排放导致全球变暖。气候变化和全球变暖是需要立即解决的最复杂的问题。基于可再生能源（RES）的微电网（MG）可用于降低电力的碳强度并在2050年之前实现全球脱碳目标。优化储能系统（ESS）的规模可以确保可持续，有弹性和可持续性。名爵的经济运作。因此，必须确定最佳ESS的关键特征，包括ESS大小确定的方法和算法，电能质量，可靠性，连接模式以及针对低碳排放的公共政策实施。现有文献主要集中在基于容量最小化的具有成本效益的最佳选型方法，而忽略了其他问题。这项工作回顾了最佳ESS尺寸确定方法和算法的特征，它们的特性以及MG应用程序中ESS和脱碳之间的情形，以解决它们的缺点。分析了ESS在存储类型，能量密度，效率，优势和问题上的特性。这篇评论重点介绍了ESS规模调整的详细信息，以优化存储容量，减少消耗，最小化存储成本，确定最佳放置位置并减轻脱碳的碳排放量。严格地解释了在MG场景中与ESS的使用有关的脱碳理解的分析。还着重指出了下一代MG开发中ESS规模确定方面的现有研究差距，问题和挑战。