Abstract Land clearing and ecosystem degradation are primary causes of loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide, putting at risk sustainable options for Earth and humankind. According to recent global estimates, degraded lands already account for at least 1 and up to 6 billion ha. Given high rates of habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes with high levels of ecosystem transformation, conventional approaches to conservation such as setting aside lands in protected areas, are not enough; in combination with ecosystem protection, ecological restoration is essential to ensure the conservation of biodiversity and delivery of ecosystem services. Despite recognition of the role of ecological restoration, the planning of restoration at the landscape scale remains a major challenge. Specifically, more studies are needed on developing restoration plans that maximize conservation and provisioning of ecosystem services, while minimizing competition with high-productivity land uses. We use Colombia, one of the world’s mega-diversity countries in which ca. 25 % of ecosystems are listed as critically endangered (CR), as a test case for exploring the potential advantages of including the Red List of Ecosystems, a newly developed tool for assessing conservation value, in restoration planning. We identified restoration priorities focused on both high-risk ecosystems and low-productivity lands, to maximize conservation value and minimize land-use conflicts. This approach allowed us to identify over 6 M ha of priority areas for restoration, targeting the restoration of 31 (75 %) of the country’s endangered ecosystems. Eight of the Regional Administrative Environmental Planning Areas (CARs) had greater than 20 % of their area identified as restoration priorities. We roughly estimated that the cost of restoring the prioritized areas with restoration through natural regeneration, using payment for ecosystem services (PES), would equal less than 50 % of the annual budget of the CARs. Our results are in sharp contrast (only 12 % agreement) with the priorities identified under the current National Restoration Strategy of Colombia, and highlight the potential contribution of the Red List of Ecosystems in refining and improving restoration planning strategies at both national and sub-national levels.

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评估高风险生态系统的恢复优先级：IUCN 生态系统红色名录的应用

摘要 土地清理和生态系统退化是全球生物多样性和生态系统服务丧失的主要原因，使地球和人类的可持续选择面临风险。根据最近的全球估计，退化土地已占至少 1 至 60 亿公顷。鉴于在生态系统高度转变、以人类为主的景观中栖息地退化和生物多样性丧失的速度高，传统的保护方法，例如在保护区留出土地，是不够的；与生态系统保护相结合，生态恢复对于确保保护生物多样性和提供生态系统服务至关重要。尽管已经认识到生态修复的作用，但景观尺度的修复规划仍然是一项重大挑战。具体来说，需要更多研究制定恢复计划，最大限度地保护和提供生态系统服务，同时尽量减少与高生产力土地使用的竞争。我们使用哥伦比亚，它是世界上生物多样性丰富的国家之一，其中大约有。25% 的生态系统被列为极度濒危 (CR)，作为探索在恢复规划中包括生态系统红色名录（一种新开发的评估保护价值的工具）的潜在优势的测试案例。我们确定了以高风险生态系统和低生产力土地为重点的恢复优先事项，以最大限度地提高保护价值并最大限度地减少土地使用冲突。这种方法使我们能够确定超过 6 百万公顷的优先恢复区域，目标是恢复该国 31 (75%) 个濒危生态系统。八个区域行政环境规划区 (CAR) 将其 20% 以上的区域确定为恢复优先事项。我们粗略估计，使用生态系统服务付费（PES），通过自然再生恢复优先区域的成本将低于 CARs 年度预算的 50%。我们的结果与哥伦比亚当前国家恢复战略中确定的优先事项形成鲜明对比（只有 12% 的一致性），并突出了生态系统红色名录在完善和改进国家和次国家级恢复规划战略方面的潜在贡献水平。我们粗略估计，使用生态系统服务付费（PES），通过自然再生恢复优先区域的成本将低于 CARs 年度预算的 50%。我们的结果与哥伦比亚当前国家恢复战略中确定的优先事项形成鲜明对比（只有 12% 的一致性），并突出了生态系统红色名录在完善和改进国家和次国家级恢复规划战略方面的潜在贡献水平。我们粗略估计，使用生态系统服务付费（PES），通过自然再生恢复优先区域的成本将低于 CARs 年度预算的 50%。我们的结果与哥伦比亚当前国家恢复战略中确定的优先事项形成鲜明对比（只有 12% 的一致性），并突出了生态系统红色名录在完善和改进国家和次国家级恢复规划战略方面的潜在贡献水平。