Aiming to address the hydrogen economy and system efficiency of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle, this paper proposes comparison research of battery size optimization and an energy management strategy. One approach is based on a bi-loop dynamic programming strategy, which selects the optimal one by initializing the battery parameters in the outer loop and performs energy distribution in the inner loop. The other approach is a framework based on convex programming, which can simultaneously design energy management strategies and optimize battery size. In the dynamic programming algorithm, the influence of the different discrete steps of state variables on the results is analysed, and a discrete step that can guarantee the accuracy of the algorithm and reduce computational time is selected. The results based on the above two algorithms and considering the transient response limitations of the fuel cell are analysed as well. Finally, two driving cycles are chosen to verify and compare the performance of the proposed methodology. Simulation results show that the dynamic programming-based energy management strategy and battery size provide more accurate results, and the transient response of the fuel cell has little effect on the optimization results of the battery size and energy management strategies.

为了解决燃料电池混合动力汽车的氢经济性和系统效率问题，本文提出了电池尺寸优化和能量管理策略的比较研究。一种方法是基于双循环动态编程策略，该策略通过初始化外循环中的电池参数来选择最佳方法，并在内循环中执行能量分配。另一种方法是基于凸编程的框架，该框架可以同时设计能源管理策略并优化电池尺寸。在动态规划算法中，分析了状态变量不同离散步长对结果的影响，选择了可以保证算法精度并减少计算时间的离散步长。还分析了基于以上两种算法并考虑了燃料电池瞬态响应限制的结果。最后，选择两个驾驶周期来验证和比较所提出方法的性能。仿真结果表明，基于动态规划的能量管理策略和电池尺寸提供了更准确的结果，燃料电池的瞬态响应对电池尺寸和能量管理策略的优化结果影响很小。