Abstract Energy storage systems (ESSs) can be used to participate in both the energy and reserve markets to maximize their reserve benefits. In contrast to traditional thermal units, ESSs have three statuses: charging status, discharging status, and idling status. The energy-limited feature of ESSs makes it difficult to schedule the reserve in the joint energy and reserve markets. In this paper, a detailed energy and reserve model of ESSs is considered in the joint stochastic day-ahead unit commitment model. The main highlights of this paper are the reserve model of ESSs. Compared to existing studies, a proposed six-mode hourly power reserve model of ESSs can schedule more reserve amount to participate in the reserve market. The six reserve modes include more charging/discharging, less charging/discharging, and switch from another status to charging/discharging. Besides, multi-hour coupled reserve constraints are introduced to avoid ESSs failures to provide the reserves scheduled in the day-ahead market. Considering the uncertainty of demand and renewable generation, a scenario-based stochastic model is adopted to calculate both the energy and reserve costs of the whole system. Two different systems are used to discuss the benefits of the proposed reserve model and analysis on some crucial parameters.

中文翻译：

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能源与储备市场储能系统随机储备调度

摘要 储能系统 (ESS) 可用于参与能源和储备市场，以最大化其储备收益。与传统热力机组相比，ESS 具有三种状态：充电状态、放电状态和空闲状态。ESS 的能源有限特性使得很难在联合能源和储备市场中安排储备。在本文中，在联合随机日前机组承诺模型中考虑了 ESS 的详细能量和储备模型。本文的主要亮点是ESSs的储备模型。与现有研究相比，提出的 ESS 六模式每小时电力储备模型可以安排更多的储备量参与储备市场。六种备用模式包括多充/放电、少充/放电、并从另一种状态切换到充电/放电。此外，引入了多小时耦合储备约束，以避免 ESS 无法提供日前市场中计划的储备。考虑到需求和可再生能源发电的不确定性，采用基于情景的随机模型计算整个系统的能源成本和储备成本。使用两个不同的系统来讨论提议的储备模型的好处和对一些关键参数的分析。