In recent years, residential green and availability of neighbourhood green spaces came into focus as a potential means to reduce transportation noise annoyance. Literature suggests that various characteristics of residential green may play a role, namely, greenness of the residential areas as quantified by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), visible vegetation from home, and the presence of public green spaces as identified by land use classification data (LU-green), as well as their accessibility and noise pollution (i.e., transportation noise exposure within green areas, how loud/quiet they are). So far, studies mostly focused on road traffic noise in urban areas. We investigated the effects of residential green on noise annoyance, accounting for different transportation noise sources as well as for the degree of urbanisation. We complemented the data set of the recent Swiss SiRENE survey on road traffic, railway and aircraft noise annoyance with a wide range of “green” metrics, and investigated their association with annoyance by means of logistic regression analysis (generalized estimating equations). Increasing residential green was found to be associated with reduced road traffic and railway noise annoyance, but increased aircraft noise annoyance. The overall effect corresponded to equivalent level reductions of about 6 dB for road traffic and 3 dB for railway noise, but to an increase of about 10 dB for aircraft noise, when residential green increased from “not much green” (5th percentile of the study sample distribution) to “a lot of green” (95th percentile). Overall, NDVI and LU-green were particularly strongly linked to annoyance. The effects of visible vegetation from home and accessibility and/or quietness of green spaces were, overall, less strong, but depended on the degree of urbanisation. For road traffic noise, visible vegetation and accessibility of green spaces seem to particularly strongly reduce annoyance in cities, while quiet green spaces are more effective in rural areas. Our study emphasizes that residential green should be fostered by city planners, particularly in densely populated areas.

中文翻译：

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住宅绿地可减少对道路交通和铁路噪声的干扰，但会增加对飞机噪声暴露的干扰

近年来，住宅绿地和社区绿地的可用性作为减少交通噪音烦恼的潜在手段而受到关注。文献表明，住宅区绿化的各种特征可能发挥作用，即通过归一化植被指数（NDVI）量化的住宅区绿化度、家庭可见植被以及通过土地利用分类确定的公共绿地的存在数据（LU-green），以及它们的可达性和噪声污染（即绿地内的交通噪声暴露，它们的响亮/安静程度）。到目前为止，研究主要集中在城市地区的道路交通噪声。我们研究了住宅绿化对噪音烦恼的影响，考虑了不同的交通噪音源以及城市化程度。我们用广泛的“绿色”指标补充了瑞士 SiRENE 最近关于道路交通、铁路和飞机噪音烦恼的调查数据集，并通过逻辑回归分析（广义估计方程）研究了它们与烦恼的关联。研究发现，增加住宅绿化与减少道路交通和铁路噪音烦恼有关，但会增加飞机噪音烦恼。当住宅绿化从“绿化不多”（研究的第 5 个百分位数）增加时，总体效果相当于道路交通噪声水平降低约 6 分贝，铁路噪声水平降低 3 分贝，但飞机噪声水平增加约 10 分贝样本分布）到“大量绿色”（第 95 个百分位数）。总体而言，NDVI 和 LU-green 与烦恼的相关性特别强。总体而言，家中可见植被以及绿色空间的可达性和/或安静性的影响不太强，但取决于城市化程度。对于道路交通噪音，可见的植被和绿地的可达性似乎特别能有效地减少城市中的烦恼，而安静的绿地在农村地区则更有效。我们的研究强调，城市规划者应培育住宅绿化，特别是在人口稠密的地区。