Abstract Independent clearing of coupled retail electricity and natural gas markets generally results in a loss of market efficiency. This study investigates the problem of dynamic pricing in retail electricity and natural gas markets in the presence of network constraints by developing a two-leader multiple-follower bi-level model. Here, upper-level electricity and gas utility companies serve as leaders in the model, and determine their optimal dynamic retail prices in anticipation of the demand response (DR) provided by multiple lower-level integrated third-party DR providers or aggregators. Moreover, the model considers the dynamic gas prices provided by gas utility companies to electric utility companies for distributed gas-fired power units, which coordinates the operations of the separate utilities. The resulting model is recast as an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC). Numerical results for a test system composed of an electric grid with distributed gas-fired power units, a gas distribution network, and multiple integrated DR aggregators indicate that the economic value of the proposed dynamic pricing scheme is up to 5.5% compared with existing regular pricing schemes.

中文翻译：

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电力和天然气配送网络的动态定价：EPEC 模型

摘要 电力零售和天然气耦合市场的独立清算通常会导致市场效率的损失。本研究通过开发双领导多追随者双层模型，研究在存在网络约束的情况下零售电力和天然气市场的动态定价问题。在这里，上层电力和天然气公用事业公司作为模型的领导者，根据多个下层集成第三方 DR 提供商或聚合器提供的需求响应 (DR) 来确定其最佳动态零售价格。此外，该模型考虑了燃气公用事业公司向电力公用事业公司提供的分布式燃气发电机组的动态燃气价格，从而协调了独立公用事业的运营。生成的模型被重新定义为具有均衡约束 (EPEC) 的均衡问题。由具有分布式燃气发电机组的电网、燃气分配网络和多个集成 DR 聚合器组成的测试系统的数值结果表明，与现有常规定价相比，所提出的动态定价方案的经济价值高达 5.5%计划。