Hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) homologues, as emerging perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to replace legacy PFASs, have wide applications in the organofluorine industry and have been detected in the global environment. However, it is still unclear what effect HFPO homologues will exert on microbial abundance, community structure and function. The objective of this study was to assess potential impacts of HFPO homologue acids on archaea, bacteria, and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in the soil environment. Grassland soil microcosms were supplemented with low (0.1 mg/kg) or high (10 mg/kg) dosages of dimer, trimer and tetramer acids of HFPO (HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and HFPO-TeA), respectively. The amendment of HFPO homologues acids initially decreased the abundance of archaea and bacteria but increased them in the later period. The addition of HFPO homologues acids raised AOA abundance but restrained AOB growth during the whole incubation. AOA and AOB community structures showed considerable variations. Potential nitrifying rate (PNR) showed an increase in the initial period followed by a decline in the later period. HFPO-DA had a lasting and suppressive effect on AOB and PNR even at a nearly environmental level. Overall, HFPO homologues with different carbon chain lengths had different impacts on soil microbial community and ammonia oxidation.

六氟环氧丙烷（HFPO）的同系物，作为取代传统PFAS的新兴全氟烷基物质（PFAS），在有机氟工业中具有广泛的应用，并且已在全球环境中被检测到。但是，尚不清楚HFPO同源物将对微生物的丰度，群落结构和功能产生何种影响。这项研究的目的是评估HFPO同源酸对土壤环境中古细菌，细菌以及氨氧化古细菌（AOA）和细菌（AOB）的潜在影响。草原土壤微观世界分别补充了低剂量（0.1 mg / kg）或高剂量（10 mg / kg）HFPO的二聚体，三聚体和四聚体酸（HFPO-DA，HFPO-TA和HFPO-TeA）。HFPO同源酸的修饰最初会降低古细菌和细菌的丰度，但在后期会增加。在整个孵育过程中，HFPO同源酸的添加提高了AOA的含量，但抑制了AOB的生长。AOA和AOB社区结构显示出很大的差异。潜在的硝化速率（PNR）在最初阶段显示上升，随后阶段下降。HFPO-DA甚至在接近环境水平时，对AOB和PNR也具有持久和抑制作用。总体而言，具有不同碳链长度的HFPO同源物对土壤微生物群落和氨氧化有不同的影响。HFPO-DA甚至在接近环境水平时，对AOB和PNR也具有持久和抑制作用。总体而言，具有不同碳链长度的HFPO同源物对土壤微生物群落和氨氧化有不同的影响。HFPO-DA甚至在接近环境水平时，对AOB和PNR也具有持久和抑制作用。总体而言，具有不同碳链长度的HFPO同源物对土壤微生物群落和氨氧化有不同的影响。