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Adolescent alcohol exposure increases orexin-A/hypocretin-1 in the anterior hypothalamus.
Alcohol ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.06.003
Leslie R Amodeo 1 , Wen Liu 2 , Derek N Wills 3 , Ryan P Vetreno 2 , Fulton T Crews 2 , Cindy L Ehlers 3
Affiliation  

Adolescence is a time of marked changes in sleep, neuromaturation, and alcohol use. While there is substantial evidence that alcohol disrupts sleep and that disrupted sleep may play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD), there is very little known about the brain mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The orexin (also known as hypocretin) system is fundamental for a number of homeostatic mechanisms, including the initiation and maintenance of wakefulness that may be impacted by adolescent alcohol exposure. The current study investigated the impact of adolescent ethanol exposure on adult orexin-A/hypocretin-1 immunoreactive (orexin-A + IR) cells in hypothalamic nuclei in two models of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure. Both models assess adult hypothalamic orexin following either an AIE vapor exposure paradigm, or an AIE intragastric gavage paradigm during adolescence. Both AIE exposure models found that binge levels of ethanol intoxication during adolescence significantly increased adult orexin-A + IR expression in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN). Further, both AIE models found no change in orexin-A + IR in the posterior hypothalamic area (PH), perifornical nucleus (PeF), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsal part (DMD) or lateral hypothalamic area (LH). However, AIE vapor exposure reduced orexin-A + IR in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but AIE gavage exposure did not. These findings suggest that the AHN orexinergic system is increased in adults following binge-like patterns of intoxication during adolescence. Altered adult AHN orexin could contribute to long-lasting changes in sleep.



中文翻译:

青少年酒精暴露会增加下丘脑前部的食欲素-A/hypocretin-1。

青春期是睡眠、神经成熟和酒精使用发生显着变化的时期。虽然有大量证据表明酒精会扰乱睡眠,并且睡眠中断可能在酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的发展中起作用,但人们对这种现象背后的大脑机制知之甚少。食欲素(也称为hypocretin)系统是许多稳态机制的基础,包括可能受青少年酒精暴露影响的觉醒的启动和维持。目前的研究调查了青少年乙醇暴露对两种青少年间歇性乙醇 (AIE) 暴露模型中下丘脑细胞核中成人食欲素-A/hypocretin-1 免疫反应性 (orexin-A + IR) 细胞的影响。两种模型都按照 AIE 蒸气暴露范式评估成人下丘脑食欲素,或青春期的 AIE 胃内灌胃范例。两种 AIE 暴露模型都发现,青春期酒精中毒的狂欢水平显着增加了成人下丘脑前核 (AHN) 中的食欲素-A + IR 表达。此外,两种 AIE 模型均未发现下丘脑后区 (PH)、眶周核 (PeF)、下丘脑背内侧核 (DMD) 或下丘脑外侧区 (LH) 的食欲素-A + IR 没有变化。然而,AIE 蒸气暴露会降低室旁核 (PVN) 中的食欲素-A + IR,但 AIE 管饲暴露不会。这些发现表明,在青春期出现类似暴饮暴食的模式后,成年人的 AHN 食欲素能系统增加。改变的成人 AHN 食欲素可能有助于睡眠的长期变化。两种 AIE 暴露模型都发现,青春期酒精中毒的狂欢水平显着增加了成人下丘脑前核 (AHN) 中的食欲素-A + IR 表达。此外,两种 AIE 模型均未发现下丘脑后区 (PH)、眶周核 (PeF)、下丘脑背内侧核 (DMD) 或下丘脑外侧区 (LH) 的食欲素-A + IR 没有变化。然而,AIE 蒸气暴露会降低室旁核 (PVN) 中的食欲素-A + IR,但 AIE 管饲暴露不会。这些发现表明,在青春期出现类似暴饮暴食的中毒模式后,成年人的 AHN 食欲素能系统增加。改变的成人 AHN 食欲素可能有助于睡眠的长期变化。两种 AIE 暴露模型都发现,青春期酒精中毒的狂欢水平显着增加了成人下丘脑前核 (AHN) 中的食欲素-A + IR 表达。此外,两种 AIE 模型均未发现下丘脑后区 (PH)、眶周核 (PeF)、下丘脑背内侧核 (DMD) 或下丘脑外侧区 (LH) 的食欲素-A + IR 没有变化。然而,AIE 蒸气暴露会降低室旁核 (PVN) 中的食欲素-A + IR,但 AIE 管饲暴露不会。这些发现表明,在青春期出现类似暴饮暴食的模式后,成年人的 AHN 食欲素能系统增加。改变的成人 AHN 食欲素可能有助于睡眠的长期变化。

更新日期:2020-08-15
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