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Two enigmas may solve each other: the oocyte coat and atresia in the common cockle, Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758)
Marine Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00227-020-03718-6
Daphné Chérel , Peter G. Beninger , Gaël Le Pennec

Two co-occurring, enigmatic aspects of bivalve reproduction were investigated in the common cockle Cerastoderma edule : the oocyte coat and oocyte atresia. Qualitative histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of cockles collected on the French Atlantic coast revealed not only the fine structure of the oocyte coat, but also confirmed that it is secreted by the oocyte itself and composed of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS), known to be viscous and adhesive. Quantitative histology showed that at the peak of oogenesis, oocyte coats occupy the largest fraction (approx. 40%) of the gonad acinal volume, representing both a significant sacrifice of female gamete capacity, and a non-gamete energetic investment. Potential benefits of the coat include protection from mechanical abrasion, predation, and opportunistic microbes. Atresia (oocyte degeneration) was a known second source of reduced fecundity, with a minimum impact of approximately 50% of the total oocyte volume. It is suggested that this high proportion of atresic oocytes is related to the previously-documented genetic inviability of early post-fertilization life stages. The qualitative histological and TEM observations revealed atresic debris adhering to the exterior surface of the oocyte coats. Such an arrangement would isolate adjacent oocyte coats, enabling the oocytes to be spawned individually, rather than as an egg mass, and therefore to undergo planktonic development and dispersion. Oocyte atresia and the oocyte coat of Cerastoderma edule therefore appear to be linked in the first indication of an adaptive function in bivalves.

中文翻译:

两个谜团可能会相互解开:普通鸟蛤的卵母细胞外壳和闭锁,Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758)

在常见的鸟蛤 Cerastoderma edule 中研究了双壳类繁殖的两个同时发生的、神秘的方面:卵母细胞外壳和卵母细胞闭锁。在法国大西洋沿岸采集的蛤的定性组织学和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 不仅揭示了卵母细胞外壳的精细结构,而且证实它由卵母细胞本身分泌并由酸性粘多糖 (AMPS) 组成,已知具有粘性和粘性。定量组织学表明,在卵子发生的高峰期,卵母细胞外壳占据性腺腺泡体积的最大部分(约 40%),这代表了雌配子容量的显着牺牲和非配子能量投资。外套的潜在好处包括防止机械磨损、捕食和机会微生物。闭锁(卵母细胞变性)是生育力降低的第二个已知原因,其最小影响约为总卵母细胞体积的 50%。这表明这种高比例的闭锁卵母细胞与先前记录的受精后早期生命阶段的遗传不活力有关。定性组织学和 TEM 观察结果表明,闭锁碎片粘附在卵母细胞涂层的外表面。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。最小影响约为总卵母细胞体积的 50%。这表明这种高比例的闭锁卵母细胞与先前记录的受精后早期生命阶段的遗传不活力有关。定性组织学和 TEM 观察结果表明,闭锁碎片粘附在卵母细胞涂层的外表面。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。最小影响约为总卵母细胞体积的 50%。这表明这种高比例的闭锁卵母细胞与先前记录的受精后早期生命阶段的遗传不活力有关。定性组织学和 TEM 观察结果表明,闭锁碎片粘附在卵母细胞涂层的外表面。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。这表明这种高比例的闭锁卵母细胞与先前记录的受精后早期生命阶段的遗传不活力有关。定性组织学和 TEM 观察结果表明,闭锁碎片粘附在卵母细胞涂层的外表面。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。这表明这种高比例的闭锁卵母细胞与先前记录的受精后早期生命阶段的遗传不活力有关。定性组织学和 TEM 观察结果表明,闭锁碎片粘附在卵母细胞涂层的外表面。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。这种安排将隔离相邻的卵母细胞外壳,使卵母细胞能够单独产卵,而不是作为卵块产卵,因此可以进行浮游发育和分散。因此,卵母细胞闭锁和 Cerastoderma edule 的卵母细胞外壳似乎与双壳类动物适应性功能的第一个迹象有关。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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