The formation of narrow-size distribution nanomaterials on surfaces in defined patterns is a research area of great interest due to its relevance in many applications such as catalysis, optoelectronics, and sensing devices. Patterning surface with nanostructures has been achieved by numerous techniques including electron-beam lithography, microcontact printing, constructive lithography, and different scanning probe microscopy techniques. Here, we present a different approach by which gold patterns are formed by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction followed by a surface-catalyzed process. Our study takes the advantage of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) where the tip is modified with an enzyme and generates a reductant. The latter participates in an electroless deposition reaction, where AuCl₄⁻ is reduced catalyzed by a Pd surface. The result is local deposition of gold patterns made of nanoparticles as soon as the reductant generated by the tip, i.e., hydroquinone, approaches the Pd surface. Two enzymes were used: glucose oxidase (GOx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The entire process was carefully studied and optimized, which enabled a good control of the patterns formed.

由于其在催化，光电子学和传感装置等许多应用中的相关性，因此以确定的图案在表面上形成窄尺寸分布纳米材料是一个非常受关注的研究领域。通过包括电子束光刻，微接触印刷，构造光刻和不同的扫描探针显微镜技术在内的多种技术已经实现了具有纳米结构的表面图案化。在这里，我们提出了一种不同的方法，通过这种方法，通过酶催化反应和随后的表面催化过程形成金图案。我们的研究利用了扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）的优势，其中尖端被酶修饰并生成还原剂。后者参与了无电沉积反应，其中AUCL ₄ ^-被Pd表面催化还原。结果是，一旦尖端产生的还原剂（即对苯二酚）接近Pd表面，就将局部沉积由纳米颗粒制成的金图案。使用了两种酶：葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）。仔细研究和优化了整个过程，从而可以很好地控制所形成的图案。