Ginseng, a semi-shade perennial plant, is greatly affected by light. However, light quality has only been studied in a few papers involving growth tests under monochromatic light or based on hairy root cultures. A plant factory with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may provide high precision and standardization of ginseng seedlings for transplanting, and plant responses to light quality should be investigated for designing the optimal lighting conditions for this environment. In this study, various ratios of red light (R):blue light (B) were set from 100:0 to 0:100% at the same photosynthetic photon flux density of 75 μmol m−2 s−1. As R increased, the shoot length became longer from R75B25, resulting in the single treatment of R being 1.68 times that of B. Compared to monochromatic R or B treatments, the overall growth of ginseng seedlings in R50B50 treatment increased. In the mesophyll structure, mixed light as R50B50 or while LEDs increased starch grains, and only R treatment led to dense chloroplasts in palisade and spongy parenchyma cells. Increasing R ratios had negative effects on CO2 assimilation rate (AN), light-saturated net photosynthesis rate (Asat), and chlorophyll parameters. The higher the R ratio, the higher the ginsenoside content in leaves, while roots were less affected by spectral changes. Monochromatic R induced malformation and senescence of ginseng leaves, while the addition of 25% B was sufficient to prevent the abnormal development of leaves and dysfunctional photosynthetic operation of ginseng seedlings. The results suggest that combinations of R and B should be considered when designing artificial lighting systems for a closed-type plant factory since R affects the morphological characteristics and ginsenoside content of ginseng seedlings.

中文翻译：

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不同红蓝发光二极管配比下人参幼苗的生理反应和人参皂苷产量

人参是一种半遮荫多年生植物，受光影响很大。然而，光质量仅在涉及单色光下或基于毛根培养物的生长测试的几篇论文中进行了研究。具有发光二极管 (LED) 的植物工厂可以为移植的人参幼苗提供高精度和标准化，并且应研究植物对光质量的反应，以设计适合这种环境的最佳照明条件。在本研究中，在 75 μmol m-2 s-1 的相同光合光子通量密度下，红光 (R): 蓝光 (B) 的各种比率设置为 100:0 至 0:100%。随着 R 的增加，R75B25 的枝条长度变长，导致 R 的单次处理是 B 的 1.68 倍。 与单色 R 或 B 处理相比，R50B50处理人参幼苗整体生长增加。在叶肉结构中，混合光如 R50B50 或 LED 增加了淀粉粒，只有 R 处理导致栅栏和海绵状薄壁细胞中的叶绿体致密。增加 R 比率对 CO2 同化速率 (AN)、光饱和净光合作用速率 (Asat) 和叶绿素参数有负面影响。R比值越高，叶片中人参皂苷含量越高，而根系受光谱变化的影响越小。单色R诱导人参叶片畸形和衰老，而添加25%的B足以防止叶片发育异常和人参幼苗光合功能失调。