Berry color is an important trait in grapes and is mainly determined by the anthocyanin content and composition. To further explore the coloring mechanism of grape berries, the F1 population of Vitis vinifera ‘Red Globe’ × ‘Muscat Hamburg’ was used to map the color locus, and transcriptome analysis was performed to assist in screening candidate genes. A total of 438,407 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from whole-genome resequencing (WGS) of the population, and 27,454 SNPs were selected to construct a high-density genetic map. The selected SNPs were clustered into 19 linkage groups (LGs) spanning a genetic distance of 1442.638 cM. Berry color was evaluated by color grade, chromatic aberration, total anthocyanin content and anthocyanin composition. The Pearson correlation coefficients of these phenotypes in 2017 and 2018 were significant at the 0.01 level. The major color locus of MYBA1 and MYBA2 on LG2 was identified, explaining between 26 and 63.6% of all phenotypic variance. Furthermore, 9 additional QTLs with smaller effects were detected on Chr2, Chr4, Chr6, Chr11 and Chr17. Combined with the gene annotation and RNA-seq data, multiple new candidate genes were selected from the above QTLs. These results indicated that grape berry color is a quantitative trait controlled by a major color locus and multiple minor loci. Though the major color locus was consistent with previous studies, several minor QTLs and candidate genes associated with grape berry color and anthocyanin accumulation were identified in this study. And the specific regulatory mechanism still needs to be further explored.

中文翻译：

---

基于高密度遗传图谱确定了与葡萄浆果色性状相关的新的数量性状基因座（QTL）和候选基因。

浆果色是葡萄的重要特征，主要取决于花色苷的含量和组成。为了进一步探讨葡萄浆果的着色机理，使用了Vitis vinifera'Red Globe'×'Muscat Hamburg'的F1种群作图，并进行了转录组分析以辅助筛选候选基因。从人群的全基因组重测序（WGS）中获得了总共438,407个高质量的单核苷酸多态性（SNP），并选择了27,454个SNP来构建高密度遗传图谱。选定的SNP聚类为19个连锁组（LGs），遗传距离为1442.638 cM。通过颜色等级，色差，总花色苷含量和花色苷组成评估浆果色。这些表型在2017年和2018年的Pearson相关系数在0.01水平上显着。确定了LG2上MYBA1和MYBA2的主要颜色基因座，解释了所有表型变异的26％至63.6％。此外，在Chr2，Chr4，Chr6，Chr11和Chr17上检测到9个影响较小的QTL。结合基因注释和RNA-seq数据，从上述QTL中选择了多个新的候选基因。这些结果表明，葡萄浆果的颜色是一个主要性状和多个次要基因座控制的数量性状。尽管主要的颜色位点与先前的研究一致，但在这项研究中鉴定出了一些较小的QTL和与葡萄浆果色和花色苷积累相关的候选基因。而且具体的监管机制仍需进一步探索。