Biomineralized tissue is considered the final product of successful cell culture in bone tissue engineering. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum (FBS) not only is used as a common culture medium but also provides a natural biomineralization environment, due to having similar ionic concentrations as blood plasma. Here, poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with incorporated biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles was immersed in a DMEM–FBS cell culture medium, and then biomineralization occurred on the nanocomposite surface, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Such formed bone-like apatite on the surface facilitated the proliferation of osteoblasts, identified by Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis and fluorescent microscopy. This study verified the spontaneous biomineralization on the surface of a calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite by using a simple DMEM–FBS immersion strategy, which was promising for biomodification of bone substitutes.

中文翻译：

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聚乙烯醇/双相磷酸钙水凝胶的体外生物矿化

生物矿化组织被认为是骨组织工程学中成功进行细胞培养的最终产品。Dulbecco改良的带有胎牛血清（FBS）的Eagle培养基（DMEM）不仅用作普通培养基，而且由于离子浓度与血浆相似，因此提供了天然的生物矿化环境。在这里，将掺有双相磷酸钙纳米颗粒的聚乙烯醇水凝胶浸入DMEM–FBS细胞培养基中，然后在纳米复合材料表面发生生物矿化作用，其特征在于傅立叶变换红外光谱，X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜检查。通过Cell Counting Kit-8分析和荧光显微镜鉴定，这种在表面形成的骨状磷灰石促进了成骨细胞的增殖。