This paper proposes and implements a model-free optimal strategy to regulate the voltage in distribution systems by effective control of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Energy Resources (I-DERs) output power. In distribution systems, where the ratio of R/X is considerable, reactive power control is not always an optimum solution for voltage regulation. With the aim of improving voltage regulation, this paper proposes an alternative method to optimally coordinate active and reactive power of I-DERs in the grid. The proposed method does not need to have a system model and phase measurement, which are barriers in control and operation of behind-the-meter assets. The paper formulates the problem of voltage regulation in form of equilibrium-map-with-optimum, without any restriction on system configuration, amount of reverse power flow and losses. Using the extremum seeking control technique and without an explicit model of distribution circuit, the ratio of active and reactive power is coordinated in real time. The amount of exchanged apparent power is also adjusted simultaneously. Simulation results for a typical distribution circuit verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the voltage regulation performance. The experimental results also show a 20 percent reduction in use of system capacity to provide the desired voltage regulation performance.

中文翻译：

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分布式能源有功功率和无功功率的实时无模型协调，以改善配电系统中的电压调节

本文提出并实施了一种无模型的最优策略，通过有效控制逆变器接口分布式能源（I-DER）的输出功率来调节配电系统中的电压。在分配系统中，R / X相当大的是，无功功率控制并不总是电压调节的最佳解决方案。为了改善电压调节，本文提出了另一种方法来优化电网中I-DER的有功和无功功率。所提出的方法不需要具有系统模型和相位测量，而这是对仪表资产的控制和操作的障碍。本文以最优平衡图的形式提出了电压调节的问题，而对系统配置，反向功率流和损耗没有任何限制。使用极值搜索控制技术并且没有明确的配电电路模型，有功功率和无功功率的比率可以实时进行协调。交换的视在功率的数量也可以同时调整。典型配电电路的仿真结果证明了该方法在改善电压调节性能方面的有效性。实验结果还显示，系统容量使用率降低了20％，以提供所需的电压调节性能。