This paper addresses the optimal allocation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in radial distribution systems for bus voltage regulation and energy cost reduction. A hierarchical planning model is proposed to obtain the optimal configuration (number, locations, and sizes) of BESS. The three interacting levels in the proposed model are: (1) determination of the optimal BESS number; (2) use of a heuristic strategy based on voltage sensitivity analysis to select the most effective locations for a given BESS number in the network; and (3) sizing the BESS capacity to realize optimal operation objectives. The final BESS configuration is selected based on minimization of total life cycle cost, which takes into account the investment cost, residual value of BESS, and system operation cost. The voltage regulation objectives are modeled as constraints. The proposed method reduces computational burden significantly and provides a comprehensive sensitivity analysis and locate the most effective buses to mitigate voltage violation. The effectiveness of this optimal allocation method was demonstrated for a modified IEEE 15-bus and IEEE 69-bus distribution network.

中文翻译：

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配电系统中多种服务的电池储能系统的分层优化分配

本文探讨了径向分配系统中电池能量存储系统（BESS）的最佳分配，以调节总线电压并降低能源成本。提出了一个分级计划模型，以获得BESS的最佳配置（数量，位置和大小）。所提出的模型中的三个相互作用的水平是：（1）确定最佳的BESS数；（2）使用基于电压灵敏度分析的启发式策略为网络中给定的BESS编号选择最有效的位置；（3）调整BESS能力以实现最佳运营目标。基于总生命周期成本最小化来选择最终的BESS配置，其中要考虑投资成本，BESS的残值和系统运行成本。将电压调节目标建模为约束。所提出的方法大大减少了计算负担，并提供了全面的灵敏度分析，并确定了最有效的总线以减轻电压违规。最佳的分配方法的有效性在改进的IEEE 15总线和IEEE 69总线配电网络中得到了证明。