Cascading blackouts are the oldest major unsolved technical problem in power system engineering, highly visible since the Northeast Blackout of 1965 in North America. In this article, we review some cascading blackouts and past work on the problem. New metrics measure network stress to identify and reduce the risk of cascading failures.

中文翻译：

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消除断电的萌芽：引入新型级联故障网络

级联停电是电力系统工程中最古老，尚未解决的重大技术问题，自1965年东北大停电以来在北美尤为明显。在本文中，我们回顾了一些连锁停电和有关该问题的以往工作。新的度量标准可测量网络压力，以识别并降低级联故障的风险。