One can define an energy system as a system that converts one or more energy fluxes into other energy fluxes of a different kind. This definition may describe a relatively small system, for instance, a power plant, a chemical plant, or the heating and cooling apparatus of a single-family house, as well as one covering larger energy needs, for example, those of a city, a country, or even a continent. As energy systems are developed through the centuries, the way we structure these systems goes through changes affected by contextual conditions. Recently, concerns about the availability of traditional fossil energy sources and their environmental effects are revolutionizing the way energy systems are planned, designed, and operated.

中文翻译：

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现代能源系统基于实时仿真的测试：回顾与讨论


人们可以将能量系统定义为将一种或多种能量流转换成其他不同类型的能量流的系统。这一定义可以描述一个相对较小的系统，例如发电厂、化工厂或单户住宅的加热和冷却设备，也可以描述一个涵盖较大能源需求的系统，例如城市的能源需求，一个国家，甚至一个大陆。随着能源系统几个世纪的发展，我们构建这些系统的方式经历了受环境条件影响的变化。最近，对传统化石能源的可用性及其环境影响的担忧正在彻底改变能源系统的规划、设计和运营方式。