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Fully Online Matching
Journal of the ACM ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 , DOI: 10.1145/3390890
Zhiyi Huang 1 , Ning Kang 2 , Zhihao Gavin Tang 3 , Xiaowei Wu 4 , Yuhao Zhang 1 , Xue Zhu 1
Affiliation  

We introduce a fully online model of maximum cardinality matching in which all vertices arrive online. On the arrival of a vertex, its incident edges to previously arrived vertices are revealed. Each vertex has a deadline that is after all its neighbors’ arrivals. If a vertex remains unmatched until its deadline, then the algorithm must irrevocably either match it to an unmatched neighbor or leave it unmatched. The model generalizes the existing one-sided online model and is motivated by applications including ride-sharing platforms, real-estate agency, and so on. We show that the Ranking algorithm by Karp et al. (STOC 1990) is 0.5211-competitive in our fully online model for general graphs. Our analysis brings a novel charging mechanic into the randomized primal dual technique by Devanur et al. (SODA 2013), allowing a vertex other than the two endpoints of a matched edge to share the gain. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of Ranking that beats 0.5 on general graphs in an online matching problem, a first step toward solving the open problem by Karp et al. (STOC 1990) about the optimality of Ranking on general graphs. If the graph is bipartite, then we show a tight competitive ratio ≈0.5671 of Ranking. Finally, we prove that the fully online model is strictly harder than the previous model as no online algorithm can be 0.6317 < 1- 1/e-competitive in our model, even for bipartite graphs.

中文翻译:

完全在线匹配

我们引入了一个最大基数匹配的完全在线模型,其中所有顶点都在线到达。在顶点到达时,它与先前到达的顶点的入射边被显示出来。每个顶点都有一个截止日期,该截止日期是其所有邻居到达之后。如果一个顶点在截止日期之前仍然不匹配,那么算法必须不可撤销地将它匹配到一个不匹配的邻居或者让它不匹配。该模型推广了现有的单边在线模型,并受到包括拼车平台、房地产代理等在内的应用程序的推动。我们展示了 Karp 等人的排名算法。(STOC 1990)在我们用于一般图的完全在线模型中具有 0.5211 的竞争力。我们的分析为 Devanur 等人的随机原始对偶技术带来了一种新颖的充电机制。(苏打水 2013), 允许匹配边的两个端点以外的顶点共享增益。据我们所知,这是对在线匹配问题中一般图的 Ranking 的第一次分析,它是解决 Karp 等人的开放问题的第一步。(STOC 1990)关于一般图上排名的最优性。如果该图是二分图,那么我们显示 Ranking 的紧密竞争比率≈0.5671。最后,我们证明了完全在线模型比以前的模型更难,因为在我们的模型中没有在线算法可以是 0.6317 < 1-1/e-竞争的,即使对于二分图也是如此。(STOC 1990)关于一般图上排名的最优性。如果该图是二分图,那么我们显示 Ranking 的紧密竞争比率≈0.5671。最后,我们证明了完全在线模型比以前的模型更难,因为在我们的模型中没有在线算法可以是 0.6317 < 1-1/e-竞争的,即使对于二分图也是如此。(STOC 1990)关于一般图上排名的最优性。如果该图是二分图,那么我们显示 Ranking 的紧密竞争比率≈0.5671。最后,我们证明了完全在线模型比以前的模型更难,因为在我们的模型中没有在线算法可以是 0.6317 < 1-1/e-竞争的,即使对于二分图也是如此。
更新日期:2020-05-22
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