Today, additive manufacturing, also called three-dimensional printing, is used for producing prototypes as well as other products for various industrial sectors. Although this technology is already well established in the automotive, aviation and space travel, building, dental and medical sectors, its integration in the textile and ready-made industry is still in progress. At present, there is a lack of specific application scenarios for the combination of three-dimensional printing and textile materials, apart from fashion and shoe design. Hence, this article presents a digital computer-aided engineering–supported process to manufacture customized orthopaedic devices by three-dimensional printing directly onto a textile fabric. State-of-the-art fabrication methods for orthoses are typically labour intensive. The combination of three-dimensional scanning, computer-aided design modelling and three-dimensional printing onto textile materials open up new possibilities for producing custom-made products. After three-dimensional scanning of a patient’s individual body shape, the surface is prepared for constructing the textile pattern cuts by reverse engineering. The transformation of the designed three-dimensional patterns into two-dimensional is software supported. Additional positioning lines in accordance with specific body measurements are transferred onto the two-dimensional pattern cuts, which are then used as the basis for the design of the three-dimensional printed functional elements. Subsequently, the design is saved in STL (Standard Triangulation/Tessellation Language) file format, prepared by slicing and directly printed onto textile pattern cuts by means of fused deposition modelling. The last manufacturing step involves the assembly of the textile fabric. The proposed process is demonstrated by an example application scenario, thus proving its potential for industrial use in the textile and ready-made industry.

中文翻译：

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开发一种计算机辅助工程支持的过程，用于通过在纺织品表面上进行 3D 打印来制造定制的骨科设备

今天，增材制造，也称为 3D 打印，用于为各个工业部门生产原型以及其他产品。虽然这项技术已经在汽车、航空和太空旅行、建筑、牙科和医疗领域得到了很好的应用，但它在纺织和成衣行业中的整合仍在进行中。目前，3D打印与纺织材料的结合，除了时尚和鞋履设计，缺乏具体的应用场景。因此，本文提出了一种数字计算机辅助工程支持的过程，通过直接在纺织织物上进行 3D 打印来制造定制的骨科设备。最先进的矫形器制造方法通常是劳动密集型的。3D 扫描、计算机辅助设计建模和纺织材料的 3D 打印相结合，为生产定制产品开辟了新的可能性。在对患者的个体体型进行 3D 扫描后，表面准备好通过逆向工程构建纺织图案切割。软件支持将设计的三维图案转换为二维图案。根据特定身体尺寸的附加定位线被转移到二维图案切割上，然后用作三维印刷功能元件设计的基础。随后，设计以 STL（标准三角剖分/镶嵌语言）文件格式保存，通过切片制备并通过熔融沉积建模直接打印到纺织品图案切割上。最后的制造步骤涉及纺织织物的组装。所提出的工艺通过一个示例应用场景进行了演示，从而证明了其在纺织和成衣行业中的工业应用潜力。