Aim. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are both multisystemic disorders of pregnancy that cause perinatal morbidity and mortality. Recently, researchers focused on the role of oxidative stress (OS) as a pathophysiological mechanism in the development of these pathologies. The aim of this study was to compare OS in placental-related pathologies (PIH and IUGR) and uncomplicated pregnancies. We also investigated which salivary OS markers reflect systemic oxidative status and which only reflect the state of the oral cavity. Material and Methods. A total of 104 pregnant women (; 27 with PIH, 30 with IUGR, and 47 controls) were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (ORAC), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione transferase (GST) in plasma/whole blood and/or saliva were analysed. Dietary nutrient intake was calculated using a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ). Oral health was assessed to eliminate patients with bleeding, severe periodontitis, and other dental pathologies. Results. In the IUGR group, increased concentration of ORAC was observed both in saliva and plasma. Also, lower plasma levels of MDA in IUGR compared to the control group was detected. No sign of oxidative stress was confirmed in the PIH group. The examined groups did not differ regarding diet and markers of inflammation. ORAC in saliva was correlated with its level in plasma. No such correlations for MDA were observed. In the IUGR group, there were no differences in OS markers in plasma, but there was a lower ALDH level in the blood compared to the control group. It confirms OS occurrence in IUGR. In IUGR, a higher activity of salivary ALDH was probably due to worse oral health. Conclusion. Oxidative stress differs between IUGR and PIH groups: the presence of oxidative stress was confirmed only in the IUGR group. Salivary ORAC can be used to estimate ORAC in plasma. The activity of salivary ALDH reflects the state of the oral cavity.

中文翻译：

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两种胎盘功能障碍病理中的氧化应激标志物不同：妊娠引起的高血压和宫内生长受限。

瞄准。妊娠高血压 (PIH) 和宫内生长受限 (IUGR) 都是妊娠多系统疾病，会导致围产期发病率和死亡率。最近，研究人员关注氧化应激（OS）作为这些病理发展中的病理生理机制的作用。本研究的目的是比较胎盘相关病理（PIH 和 IUGR）和无并发症妊娠的 OS。我们还调查了哪些唾液 OS 标志物反映了全身氧化状态，哪些只反映了口腔的状态。材料和方法。共有104名孕妇（; 27 名 PIH、30 名 IUGR 和 47 名对照）进行了评估。分析了血浆/全血和/或唾液中丙二醛 (MDA)、总抗氧化能力 (ORAC)、醛脱氢酶 (ALDH) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 和谷胱甘肽转移酶 (GST) 的活性。使用半定量食物频率问卷 (SFFQ) 计算膳食营养素摄入量。评估口腔健康以消除患有出血、严重牙周炎和其他牙齿疾病的患者。结果. 在 IUGR 组中，唾液和血浆中均观察到 ORAC 浓度增加。此外，与对照组相比，检测到 IUGR 中 MDA 的血浆水平较低。在 PIH 组中未确认有氧化应激的迹象。检查组在饮食和炎症标志物方面没有差异。唾液中的 ORAC 与其在血浆中的水平相关。没有观察到 MDA 的这种相关性。在 IUGR 组中，血浆中的 OS 标志物没有差异，但与对照组相比，血液中的 ALDH 水平较低。它证实了 IUGR 中的 OS 发生。在 IUGR 中，唾液 ALDH 活性较高可能是由于口腔健康状况较差。结论. IUGR 和 PIH 组之间的氧化应激不同：氧化应激的存在仅在 IUGR 组中得到证实。唾液 ORAC 可用于估计血浆中的 ORAC。唾液ALDH的活性反映了口腔的状态。