Transportation has become of evermore importance in the last years, affecting people's satisfaction and significantly impacting their quality of life. In this paper we present a low-cost infrastructure to collect passive Wi-Fi probes with the aim of monitoring, optimizing and personalizing public transport, towards a more sustainable mobility. We developed an embedded system deployed in 19 public transportation vehicles using passive Wi-Fi data. This data is analyzed on a per-vehicle and per-stop basis and compared against ground truth data (ticketing), while also using a method of estimating passenger exits, detecting peak loads on vehicles, and origin destination habits. As such, we argue that this data enables route optimization and provides local authorities and tourism boards with a tool to monitor and optimize the management of routes and transportation, identify and prevent accessibility issues, with the aim of improving the services offered to citizens and tourists, towards a more sustainable mobility.

中文翻译：

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公共交通中的被动 Wi-Fi 监控：马德拉岛的案例研究

交通运输在过去几年变得越来越重要，它影响着人们的满意度并显着影响他们的生活质量。在本文中，我们提出了一个低成本的基础设施来收集无源 Wi-Fi 探针，目的是监控、优化和个性化公共交通，以实现更可持续的移动性。我们使用无源 Wi-Fi 数据开发了一个嵌入式系统，部署在 19 辆公共交通车辆中。该数据按每辆车和每站进行分析，并与地面实况数据（票务）进行比较，同时还使用估计乘客出口、检测车辆峰值负载和始发目的地习惯的方法。因此，