HIV infection impairs mucosal immunity and leads to bacterial translocation, fueling chronic inflammation and disease progression. While this is well established, questions remain about the compositional profile of the translocated bacteria, and to what extent it is influenced by ART. Using 16S rDNA targeted sequencing and shotgun proteomics, we show that HIV increases bacterial translocation from the gut to the blood. HIV increased α-diversity in the blood, which was dominated by aerobic bacteria belonging to Micrococcaceae (Actinobacteria) and Pseudomonadaceae (Proteobacteria) families, and the number of circulating bacterial proteins was also increased. Forty-eight weeks of ART attenuated this phenomenon. We found that enrichment with Lactobacillales order, and depletion of Actinobacteria class and Moraxellaceae and Corynebacteriacae families, were significantly associated with greater immune recovery and correlated with several inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that the molecular crosstalk between the host and the translocated bacterial products could influence ART-mediated immune recovery.

中文翻译：

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与 HIV 感染和免疫恢复相关的血液细菌特征。

HIV 感染会损害粘膜免疫并导致细菌易位，从而加剧慢性炎症和疾病进展。虽然这是公认的，但关于易位细菌的组成特征以及它在多大程度上受 ART 影响的问题仍然存在。使用 16S rDNA 靶向测序和鸟枪蛋白质组学，我们表明 HIV 增加了细菌从肠道到血液的易位。HIV增加了血液中的α-多样性，其中以微球菌科（放线菌）和假单胞菌科（变形杆菌）科的需氧菌为主，循环细菌蛋白的数量也增加。48 周的 ART 减弱了这种现象。我们发现乳杆菌目的富集，以及放线菌纲和莫拉氏菌科和棒状杆菌科的枯竭，与更大的免疫恢复显着相关，并与几个炎症标志物相关。我们的研究结果表明，宿主和易位细菌产物之间的分子串扰可能影响 ART 介导的免疫恢复。