With regard to life sciences, it is important to understand biological functions such as metabolic reactions at the cellular level. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) that can provide chemical mappings at 100 nm lateral resolutions is useful for obtaining three-dimensional maps of biological molecules in cells and tissues. TOF-SIMS spectra generally contain several hundred to several thousand secondary ion peaks that provide detailed chemical information. In order to manage such a large number of peaks, data analysis methods such as multivariate analysis techniques have been applied to TOF-SIMS data of complex samples. However, the interpretation of the data analysis results is sometimes still difficult, especially for biological samples. In this study, TOF-SIMS data of resin-embedded plant samples were analyzed using one of the sparse modeling methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), to directly select secondary ions related to biological structures such as cell walls and nuclei. The same sample was measured by optical microscopy and the same measurement area as TOF-SIMS was extracted in order to prepare a target image for LASSO. The same area of the TOF-SIMS and microscope data were fused to evaluate the influence of the image fusion on the TOF-SIMS spectrum information using principal component analysis. Specifically, the authors examined onion mycorrhizal root colonized with Gigaspora margarita (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus). The results showed that by employing this approach using LASSO, important secondary ions from biological samples were effectively selected and could be clearly distinguished from the embedding resin.

中文翻译：

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使用最小绝对收缩和选择算符评估与植物组织有关的二次离子。

关于生命科学，重要的是了解生物学功能，例如细胞水平的代谢反应。可以提供侧向分辨率为100 nm的化学图谱的飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF-SIMS）对于获得细胞和组织中生物分子的三维图谱很有用。TOF-SIMS光谱通常包含数百至数千个次级离子峰，这些峰可提供详细的化学信息。为了管理如此大量的峰，已经将诸如多元分析技术的数据分析方法应用于复杂样品的TOF-SIMS数据。但是，有时仍然很难解释数据分析结果，尤其是对于生物样品。在这个研究中，使用一种稀疏建模方法，最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）来分析树脂包埋的植物样品的TOF-SIMS数据，以直接选择与生物结构（如细胞壁和细胞核）有关的次级离子。通过光学显微镜测量相同的样品，并提取与TOF-SIMS相同的测量区域，以便为LASSO准备目标图像。使用主成分分析将TOF-SIMS和显微镜数据的相同区域融合在一起，以评估图像融合对TOF-SIMS光谱信息的影响。具体来说，作者检查了洋葱菌根根定植于 通过光学显微镜测量相同的样品，并提取与TOF-SIMS相同的测量区域，以便为LASSO准备目标图像。使用主成分分析将TOF-SIMS和显微镜数据的相同区域融合在一起，以评估图像融合对TOF-SIMS光谱信息的影响。具体来说，作者检查了洋葱菌根根定植于 通过光学显微镜测量相同的样品，并提取与TOF-SIMS相同的测量区域，以便为LASSO准备目标图像。使用主成分分析将TOF-SIMS和显微镜数据的相同区域融合在一起，以评估图像融合对TOF-SIMS光谱信息的影响。具体来说，作者检查了洋葱菌根根定植于Gigaspora margarita（一种丛枝菌根真菌）。结果表明，通过采用LASSO的这种方法，可以有效地选择生物样品中的重要二次离子，并且可以与包埋树脂区分开来。