In a pandemic era, rapid infectious disease diagnosis is essential. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) promises sensitive and specific diagnosis including rapid point-of-care detection and drug susceptibility testing. SERS utilizes inelastic light scattering arising from the interaction of incident photons with molecular vibrations, enhanced by orders of magnitude with resonant metallic or dielectric nanostructures. While SERS provides a spectral fingerprint of the sample, clinical translation is lagged due to challenges in consistency of spectral enhancement, complexity in spectral interpretation, insufficient specificity and sensitivity, and inefficient workflow from patient sample collection to spectral acquisition. Here, we highlight the recent, complementary advances that address these shortcomings, including (1) design of label-free SERS substrates and data processing algorithms that improve spectral signal and interpretability, essential for broad pathogen screening assays; (2) development of new capture and affinity agents, such as aptamers and polymers, critical for determining the presence or absence of particular pathogens; and (3) microfluidic and bioprinting platforms for efficient clinical sample processing. We also describe the development of low-cost, point-of-care, optical SERS hardware. Our paper focuses on SERS for viral and bacterial detection, in hopes of accelerating infectious disease diagnosis, monitoring, and vaccine development. With advances in SERS substrates, machine learning, and microfluidics and bioprinting, the specificity, sensitivity, and speed of SERS can be readily translated from laboratory bench to patient bedside, accelerating point-of-care diagnosis, personalized medicine, and precision health.

中文翻译：

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随着表面增强拉曼光谱技术的发展，快速诊断传染病。

在大流行时代，快速诊断传染病至关重要。表面增强拉曼光谱仪（SERS）有望实现灵敏而特异的诊断，包括快速即时检测和药物敏感性测试。SERS利用入射光子与分子振动相互作用产生的非弹性光散射，通过共振金属或介电纳米结构增强了数量级。尽管SERS提供了样品的光谱指纹，但由于光谱增强的一致性，光谱解释的复杂性，特异性和灵敏度不足以及从患者样品收集到光谱采集的工作流程效率低下等方面的挑战，临床翻译滞后了。在这里，我们重点介绍解决这些缺点的最新的互补进展，包括（1）设计无标记SERS底物和改善光谱信号和可解释性的数据处理算法，这对于广泛的病原体筛查测定至关重要；（2）开发对确定特定病原体存在与否至关重要的新捕获剂和亲和剂，如适体和聚合物；（3）用于高效临床样品处理的微流控和生物打印平台。我们还将描述低成本，即时医疗光学SERS硬件的开发。我们的论文侧重于用于病毒和细菌检测的SERS，以期加速传染病的诊断，监测和疫苗开发。随着SERS底物，机器学习以及微流控技术和生物打印技术的进步，特异性，敏感性，