We have recorded the diffraction patterns from individual xenon clusters irradiated with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to investigate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the scattering response. The clusters were irradiated with short wavelength pulses in the wavelength regime of different 4d inner-shell resonances of neutral and ionic xenon, resulting in distinctly different optical properties from areas in the clusters with lower or higher charge states. The data show the emergence of a transient structure with a spatial extension of tens of nanometers within the otherwise homogeneous sample. Simulations indicate that ionization and nanoplasma formation result in a light-induced outer shell in the cluster with a strongly altered refractive index. The presented resonant scattering approach enables imaging of ultrafast electron dynamics on their natural timescale.

中文翻译：

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使用超快共振散射对孤立的纳米颗粒中的等离子体形成进行成像。

我们已经记录了来自单个氙气团簇的衍射图谱，这些氙气团簇受到强烈的极端紫外线脉冲照射，以研究光诱导的电子变化对散射响应的影响。在中性和离子氙的不同4d内壳共振的波长范围内，以短波长脉冲照射该簇，从而导致其电荷性质与具有较低或较高电荷态的簇区域明显不同。数据表明，在原本均匀的样品中出现了具有数十纳米空间扩展的瞬态结构。模拟表明，电离和纳米等离子体的形成导致光诱导的群集中的外壳具有强烈变化的折射率。