Based on the conceptual design reports for the Future Circular Collider cryogenic system, the need for more accurate thermodynamic property models of cryogenic mixtures of noble gases was identified. Both academic institutes and industries have identified the lack of a reliable equation of state for mixtures used at very low temperatures. Detailed cryogenic architecture modeling and design cannot be carried out without accurate fluid properties. Therefore, the helium–neon equation was the first goal of this work, and it was further extended to other fluids beneficial for scientific and industrial applications beyond the particle physics needs. The properties of the noble gas mixtures of helium–neon, neon–argon, and helium–argon are accurately modeled with the equations of state explicit in the Helmholtz energy.

中文翻译：

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氦 4、氖和氩二元混合物热力学性质的状态方程

根据未来圆形对撞机低温系统的概念设计报告，确定需要更准确的惰性气体低温混合物的热力学特性模型。学术机构和工业界都发现，在极低温度下使用的混合物缺乏可靠的状态方程。如果没有准确的流体特性，就无法进行详细的低温结构建模和设计。因此，氦-氖方程是这项工作的第一个目标，它进一步扩展到其他有利于科学和工业应用的流体，超出了粒子物理学的需要。氦-氖、氖-氩和氦-氩的惰性气体混合物的特性使用亥姆霍兹能量中的显式状态方程精确建模。