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Evidence of Spin-Orbital Angular Momentum Interactions in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.012301 S Acharya 1 , D Adamová 2 , A Adler 3 , J Adolfsson 4 , M M Aggarwal 5 , G Aglieri Rinella 6 , M Agnello 7 , N Agrawal 8, 9 , Z Ahammed 1 , S Ahmad 10 , S U Ahn 11 , A Akindinov 12 , M Al-Turany 13 , S N Alam 1 , D S D Albuquerque 14 , D Aleksandrov 15 , B Alessandro 16 , H M Alfanda 17 , R Alfaro Molina 18 , B Ali 10 , Y Ali 19 , A Alici 8, 9, 20 , A Alkin 21 , J Alme 22 , T Alt 23 , L Altenkamper 22 , I Altsybeev 24 , M N Anaam 17 , C Andrei 25 , D Andreou 6 , H A Andrews 26 , A Andronic 27 , M Angeletti 6 , V Anguelov 28 , C Anson 29 , T Antičić 30 , F Antinori 31 , P Antonioli 9 , R Anwar 32 , N Apadula 33 , L Aphecetche 34 , H Appelshäuser 23 , S Arcelli 20 , R Arnaldi 16 , M Arratia 33 , I C Arsene 35 , M Arslandok 28 , A Augustinus 6 , R Averbeck 13 , S Aziz 36 , M D Azmi 10 , A Badalà 37 , Y W Baek 38 , S Bagnasco 16 , X Bai 13 , R Bailhache 23 , R Bala 39 , A Baldisseri 40 , M Ball 41 , S Balouza 42 , R Barbera 43 , L Barioglio 44 , G G Barnaföldi 45 , L S Barnby 46 , V Barret 47 , P Bartalini 17 , K Barth 6 , E Bartsch 23 , F Baruffaldi 48 , N Bastid 47 , S Basu 49 , G Batigne 34 , B Batyunya 50 , D Bauri 51 , J L Bazo Alba 52 , I G Bearden 53 , C Bedda 54 , N K Behera 55 , I Belikov 56 , A D C Bell Hechavarria 27 , F Bellini 6 , R Bellwied 32 , V Belyaev 57 , G Bencedi 45 , S Beole 44 , A Bercuci 25 , Y Berdnikov 58 , D Berenyi 45 , R A Bertens 59 , D Berzano 16 , M G Besoiu 60 , L Betev 6 , A Bhasin 39 , I R Bhat 39 , M A Bhat 61 , H Bhatt 51 , B Bhattacharjee 62 , A Bianchi 44 , L Bianchi 44 , N Bianchi 63 , J Bielčík 64 , J Bielčíková 2 , A Bilandzic 42, 65 , G Biro 45 , R Biswas 61 , S Biswas 61 , J T Blair 66 , D Blau 15 , C Blume 23 , G Boca 67 , F Bock 6, 68 , A Bogdanov 57 , S Boi 69 , L Boldizsár 45 , A Bolozdynya 57 , M Bombara 70 , G Bonomi 71 , H Borel 40 , A Borissov 27, 57 , H Bossi 72 , E Botta 44 , L Bratrud 23 , P Braun-Munzinger 13 , M Bregant 73 , M Broz 64 , E J Brucken 74 , E Bruna 16 , G E Bruno 75 , M D Buckland 76 , D Budnikov 77 , H Buesching 23 , S Bufalino 7 , O Bugnon 34 , P Buhler 78 , P Buncic 6 , Z Buthelezi 79, 80 , J B Butt 19 , J T Buxton 81 , S A Bysiak 82 , D Caffarri 83 , A Caliva 13 , E Calvo Villar 52 , R S Camacho 84 , P Camerini 85 , A A Capon 78 , F Carnesecchi 8, 20 , R Caron 40 , J Castillo Castellanos 40 , A J Castro 59 , E A R Casula 86 , F Catalano 7 , C Ceballos Sanchez 87 , P Chakraborty 51 , S Chandra 1 , W Chang 17 , S Chapeland 6 , M Chartier 76 , S Chattopadhyay 1 , S Chattopadhyay 88 , A Chauvin 69 , C Cheshkov 89 , B Cheynis 89 , V Chibante Barroso 6 , D D Chinellato 14 , S Cho 55 , P Chochula 6 , T Chowdhury 47 , P Christakoglou 83 , C H Christensen 53 , P Christiansen 4 , T Chujo 90 , C Cicalo 86 , L Cifarelli 8, 20 , F Cindolo 9 , J Cleymans 91 , F Colamaria 87 , D Colella 87 , A Collu 33 , M Colocci 20 , M Concas 16 , G Conesa Balbastre 92 , Z Conesa Del Valle 36 , G Contin 76, 85 , J G Contreras 64 , T M Cormier 68 , Y Corrales Morales 44 , P Cortese 93 , M R Cosentino 94 , F Costa 6 , S Costanza 67 , P Crochet 47 , E Cuautle 95 , P Cui 17 , L Cunqueiro 68 , D Dabrowski 96 , T Dahms 42, 65 , A Dainese 31 , F P A Damas 34, 40 , M C Danisch 28 , A Danu 60 , D Das 88 , I Das 88 , P Das 97 , P Das 61 , S Das 61 , A Dash 97 , S Dash 51 , S De 97 , A De Caro 98 , G de Cataldo 87 , J de Cuveland 99 , A De Falco 69 , D De Gruttola 8 , N De Marco 16 , S De Pasquale 98 , S Deb 100 , B Debjani 61 , H F Degenhardt 73 , K R Deja 96 , A Deloff 101 , S Delsanto 44, 80 , D Devetak 13 , P Dhankher 51 , D Di Bari 102 , A Di Mauro 6 , R A Diaz 103 , T Dietel 91 , P Dillenseger 23 , Y Ding 17 , R Divià 6 , D U Dixit 104 , Ø Djuvsland 22 , U Dmitrieva 105 , A Dobrin 6, 60 , B Dönigus 23 , O Dordic 35 , A K Dubey 1 , A Dubla 13 , S Dudi 5 , M Dukhishyam 97 , P Dupieux 47 , R J Ehlers 72 , V N Eikeland 22 , D Elia 87 , H Engel 3 , E Epple 72 , B Erazmus 34 , F Erhardt 106 , A Erokhin 24 , M R Ersdal 22 , B Espagnon 36 , G Eulisse 6 , D Evans 26 , S Evdokimov 107 , L Fabbietti 42, 65 , M Faggin 48 , J Faivre 92 , F Fan 17 , A Fantoni 63 , M Fasel 68 , P Fecchio 7 , A Feliciello 16 , G Feofilov 24 , A Fernández Téllez 84 , A Ferrero 40 , A Ferretti 44 , A Festanti 6 , V J G Feuillard 28 , J Figiel 82 , S Filchagin 77 , D Finogeev 105 , F M Fionda 22 , G Fiorenza 87 , F Flor 32 , S Foertsch 79 , P Foka 13 , S Fokin 15 , E Fragiacomo 108 , U Frankenfeld 13 , U Fuchs 6 , C Furget 92 , A Furs 105 , M Fusco Girard 98 , J J Gaardhøje 53 , M Gagliardi 44 , A M Gago 52 , A Gal 56 , C D Galvan 109 , P Ganoti 110 , C Garabatos 13 , E Garcia-Solis 111 , K Garg 43 , C Gargiulo 6 , A Garibli 112 , K Garner 27 , P Gasik 42, 65 , E F Gauger 66 , M B Gay Ducati 113 , M Germain 34 , J Ghosh 88 , P Ghosh 1 , S K Ghosh 61 , P Gianotti 63 , P Giubellino 13, 16 , P Giubilato 48 , P Glässel 28 , D M Goméz Coral 18 , A Gomez Ramirez 3 , V Gonzalez 13 , P González-Zamora 84 , S Gorbunov 99 , L Görlich 82 , S Gotovac 114 , V Grabski 18 , L K Graczykowski 96 , K L Graham 26 , L Greiner 33 , A Grelli 54 , C Grigoras 6 , V Grigoriev 57 , A Grigoryan 115 , S Grigoryan 50 , O S Groettvik 22 , F Grosa 7 , J F Grosse-Oetringhaus 6 , R Grosso 13 , R Guernane 92 , M Guittiere 34 , K Gulbrandsen 53 , T Gunji 116 , A Gupta 39 , R Gupta 39 , I B Guzman 84 , R Haake 72 , M K Habib 13 , C Hadjidakis 36 , H Hamagaki 117 , G Hamar 45 , M Hamid 17 , R Hannigan 66 , M R Haque 54, 97 , A Harlenderova 13 , J W Harris 72 , A Harton 111 , J A Hasenbichler 6 , H Hassan 68 , D Hatzifotiadou 8, 9 , P Hauer 41 , S Hayashi 116 , S T Heckel 23, 42 , E Hellbär 23 , H Helstrup 118 , A Herghelegiu 25 , T Herman 64 , E G Hernandez 84 , G Herrera Corral 119 , F Herrmann 27 , K F Hetland 118 , T E Hilden 74 , H Hillemanns 6 , C Hills 76 , B Hippolyte 56 , B Hohlweger 42 , D Horak 64 , A Hornung 23 , S Hornung 13 , R Hosokawa 29, 90 , P Hristov 6 , C Huang 36 , C Hughes 59 , P Huhn 23 , T J Humanic 81 , H Hushnud 88 , L A Husova 27 , N Hussain 62 , S A Hussain 19 , D Hutter 99 , J P Iddon 6, 76 , R Ilkaev 77 , M Inaba 90 , G M Innocenti 6 , M Ippolitov 15 , A Isakov 2 , M S Islam 88 , M Ivanov 13 , V Ivanov 58 , V Izucheev 107 , B Jacak 33 , N Jacazio 9 , P M Jacobs 33 , S Jadlovska 120 , J Jadlovsky 120 , S Jaelani 54 , C Jahnke 73 , M J Jakubowska 96 , M A Janik 96 , T Janson 3 , M Jercic 106 , O Jevons 26 , M Jin 32 , F Jonas 27, 68 , P G Jones 26 , J Jung 23 , M Jung 23 , A Jusko 26 , P Kalinak 121 , A Kalweit 6 , V Kaplin 57 , S Kar 17 , A Karasu Uysal 122 , O Karavichev 105 , T Karavicheva 105 , P Karczmarczyk 6 , E Karpechev 105 , A Kazantsev 15 , U Kebschull 3 , R Keidel 123 , M Keil 6 , B Ketzer 41 , Z Khabanova 83 , A M Khan 17 , S Khan 10 , S A Khan 1 , A Khanzadeev 58 , Y Kharlov 107 , A Khatun 10 , A Khuntia 82 , B Kileng 118 , B Kim 55 , B Kim 90 , D Kim 124 , D J Kim 125 , E J Kim 126 , H Kim 124, 127 , J Kim 124 , J S Kim 38 , J Kim 28 , J Kim 124 , J Kim 126 , M Kim 28 , S Kim 128 , T Kim 124 , T Kim 124 , S Kirsch 23, 99 , I Kisel 99 , S Kiselev 12 , A Kisiel 96 , J L Klay 129 , C Klein 23 , J Klein 16 , S Klein 33 , C Klein-Bösing 27 , M Kleiner 23 , A Kluge 6 , M L Knichel 6 , A G Knospe 32 , C Kobdaj 130 , M K Köhler 28 , T Kollegger 13 , A Kondratyev 50 , N Kondratyeva 57 , E Kondratyuk 107 , J Konig 23 , P J Konopka 6 , L Koska 120 , O Kovalenko 101 , V Kovalenko 24 , M Kowalski 82 , I Králik 121 , A Kravčáková 70 , L Kreis 13 , M Krivda 26, 121 , F Krizek 2 , K Krizkova Gajdosova 64 , M Krüger 23 , E Kryshen 58 , M Krzewicki 99 , A M Kubera 81 , V Kučera 55 , C Kuhn 56 , P G Kuijer 83 , L Kumar 5 , S Kumar 51 , S Kundu 97 , P Kurashvili 101 , A Kurepin 105 , A B Kurepin 105 , A Kuryakin 77 , S Kushpil 2 , J Kvapil 26 , M J Kweon 55 , J Y Kwon 55 , Y Kwon 124 , S L La Pointe 99 , P La Rocca 43 , Y S Lai 33 , R Langoy 131 , K Lapidus 6 , A Lardeux 35 , P Larionov 63 , E Laudi 6 , R Lavicka 64 , T Lazareva 24 , R Lea 85 , L Leardini 28 , J Lee 90 , S Lee 124 , F Lehas 83 , S Lehner 78 , J Lehrbach 99 , R C Lemmon 46 , I León Monzón 109 , E D Lesser 104 , M Lettrich 6 , P Lévai 45 , X Li 132 , X L Li 17 , J Lien 131 , R Lietava 26 , B Lim 127 , V Lindenstruth 99 , S W Lindsay 76 , C Lippmann 13 , M A Lisa 81 , V Litichevskyi 74 , A Liu 104 , S Liu 81 , W J Llope 49 , I M Lofnes 22 , V Loginov 57 , C Loizides 68 , P Loncar 114 , X Lopez 47 , E López Torres 103 , J R Luhder 27 , M Lunardon 48 , G Luparello 108 , Y Ma 133 , A Maevskaya 105 , M Mager 6 , S M Mahmood 35 , T Mahmoud 41 , A Maire 56 , R D Majka 72 , M Malaev 58 , Q W Malik 35 , L Malinina 50 , D Mal'Kevich 12 , P Malzacher 13 , G Mandaglio 37 , V Manko 15 , F Manso 47 , V Manzari 87 , Y Mao 17 , M Marchisone 89 , J Mareš 134 , G V Margagliotti 85 , A Margotti 9 , J Margutti 54 , A Marín 13 , C Markert 66 , M Marquard 23 , N A Martin 28 , P Martinengo 6 , J L Martinez 32 , M I Martínez 84 , G Martínez García 34 , M Martinez Pedreira 6 , S Masciocchi 13 , M Masera 44 , A Masoni 86 , L Massacrier 36 , E Masson 34 , A Mastroserio 87, 135 , A M Mathis 42, 65 , O Matonoha 4 , P F T Matuoka 73 , A Matyja 82 , C Mayer 82 , M Mazzilli 87 , M A Mazzoni 136 , A F Mechler 23 , F Meddi 137 , Y Melikyan 57, 105 , A Menchaca-Rocha 18 , C Mengke 17 , E Meninno 78, 98 , M Meres 138 , S Mhlanga 91 , Y Miake 90 , L Micheletti 44 , D L Mihaylov 42 , K Mikhaylov 12, 50 , A Mischke 54 , A N Mishra 95 , D Miśkowiec 13 , A Modak 61 , N Mohammadi 6 , A P Mohanty 54 , B Mohanty 97 , M Mohisin Khan 10 , C Mordasini 42 , D A Moreira De Godoy 27 , L A P Moreno 84 , I Morozov 105 , A Morsch 6 , T Mrnjavac 6 , V Muccifora 63 , E Mudnic 114 , D Mühlheim 27 , S Muhuri 1 , J D Mulligan 33 , M G Munhoz 73 , R H Munzer 23 , H Murakami 116 , S Murray 91 , L Musa 6 , J Musinsky 121 , C J Myers 32 , J W Myrcha 96 , B Naik 51 , R Nair 101 , B K Nandi 51 , R Nania 8, 9 , E Nappi 87 , M U Naru 19 , A F Nassirpour 4 , C Nattrass 59 , R Nayak 51 , T K Nayak 97 , S Nazarenko 77 , A Neagu 35 , R A Negrao De Oliveira 23 , L Nellen 95 , S V Nesbo 118 , G Neskovic 99 , D Nesterov 24 , L T Neumann 96 , B S Nielsen 53 , S Nikolaev 15 , S Nikulin 15 , V Nikulin 58 , F Noferini 8, 9 , P Nomokonov 50 , J Norman 76, 92 , N Novitzky 90 , P Nowakowski 96 , A Nyanin 15 , J Nystrand 22 , M Ogino 117 , A Ohlson 4, 28 , J Oleniacz 96 , A C Oliveira Da Silva 59, 73 , M H Oliver 72 , C Oppedisano 16 , R Orava 74 , A Ortiz Velasquez 95 , A Oskarsson 4 , J Otwinowski 82 , K Oyama 117 , Y Pachmayer 28 , V Pacik 53 , D Pagano 71 , G Paić 95 , J Pan 49 , A K Pandey 51 , S Panebianco 40 , P Pareek 1, 100 , J Park 55 , J E Parkkila 125 , S Parmar 5 , S P Pathak 32 , R N Patra 1 , B Paul 16, 69 , H Pei 17 , T Peitzmann 54 , X Peng 17 , L G Pereira 113 , H Pereira Da Costa 40 , D Peresunko 15 , G M Perez 103 , E Perez Lezama 23 , V Peskov 23 , Y Pestov 139 , V Petráček 64 , M Petrovici 25 , R P Pezzi 113 , S Piano 108 , M Pikna 138 , P Pillot 34 , O Pinazza 6, 9 , L Pinsky 32 , C Pinto 43 , S Pisano 8, 63 , D Pistone 37 , M Płoskoń 33 , M Planinic 106 , F Pliquett 23 , J Pluta 96 , S Pochybova 45 , M G Poghosyan 68 , B Polichtchouk 107 , N Poljak 106 , A Pop 25 , H Poppenborg 27 , S Porteboeuf-Houssais 47 , V Pozdniakov 50 , S K Prasad 61 , R Preghenella 9 , F Prino 16 , C A Pruneau 49 , I Pshenichnov 105 , M Puccio 6, 44 , J Putschke 49 , R E Quishpe 32 , S Ragoni 26 , S Raha 61 , S Rajput 39 , J Rak 125 , A Rakotozafindrabe 40 , L Ramello 93 , F Rami 56 , R Raniwala 140 , S Raniwala 140 , S S Räsänen 74 , R Rath 100 , V Ratza 41 , I Ravasenga 7, 83 , K F Read 59, 68 , K Redlich 101 , A Rehman 22 , P Reichelt 23 , F Reidt 6 , X Ren 17 , R Renfordt 23 , Z Rescakova 70 , J-P Revol 8 , K Reygers 28 , V Riabov 58 , T Richert 4, 53 , M Richter 35 , P Riedler 6 , W Riegler 6 , F Riggi 43 , C Ristea 60 , S P Rode 100 , M Rodríguez Cahuantzi 84 , K Røed 35 , R Rogalev 107 , E Rogochaya 50 , D Rohr 6 , D Röhrich 22 , P S Rokita 96 , F Ronchetti 63 , E D Rosas 95 , K Roslon 96 , A Rossi 31, 48 , A Rotondi 67 , A Roy 100 , P Roy 88 , O V Rueda 4 , R Rui 85 , B Rumyantsev 50 , A Rustamov 112 , E Ryabinkin 15 , Y Ryabov 58 , A Rybicki 82 , H Rytkonen 125 , O A M Saarimaki 74 , S Sadhu 1 , S Sadovsky 107 , K Šafařík 64 , S K Saha 1 , B Sahoo 51 , P Sahoo 51, 100 , R Sahoo 100 , S Sahoo 141 , P K Sahu 141 , J Saini 1 , S Sakai 90 , S Sambyal 39 , V Samsonov 57, 58 , D Sarkar 49 , N Sarkar 1 , P Sarma 62 , V M Sarti 42 , M H P Sas 54 , E Scapparone 9 , B Schaefer 68 , J Schambach 66 , H S Scheid 23 , C Schiaua 25 , R Schicker 28 , A Schmah 28 , C Schmidt 13 , H R Schmidt 142 , M O Schmidt 28 , M Schmidt 142 , N V Schmidt 23, 68 , A R Schmier 59 , J Schukraft 53 , Y Schutz 6, 56 , K Schwarz 13 , K Schweda 13 , G Scioli 20 , E Scomparin 16 , M Šefčík 70 , J E Seger 29 , Y Sekiguchi 116 , D Sekihata 116 , I Selyuzhenkov 13, 57 , S Senyukov 56 , D Serebryakov 105 , E Serradilla 18 , A Sevcenco 60 , A Shabanov 105 , A Shabetai 34 , R Shahoyan 6 , W Shaikh 88 , A Shangaraev 107 , A Sharma 5 , A Sharma 39 , H Sharma 82 , M Sharma 39 , N Sharma 5 , A I Sheikh 1 , K Shigaki 143 , M Shimomura 144 , S Shirinkin 12 , Q Shou 133 , Y Sibiriak 15 , S Siddhanta 86 , T Siemiarczuk 101 , D Silvermyr 4 , G Simatovic 83 , G Simonetti 6, 42 , R Singh 97 , R Singh 39 , R Singh 100 , V K Singh 1 , V Singhal 1 , T Sinha 88 , B Sitar 138 , M Sitta 93 , T B Skaali 35 , M Slupecki 125 , N Smirnov 72 , R J M Snellings 54 , T W Snellman 74, 125 , C Soncco 52 , J Song 32, 55 , A Songmoolnak 130 , F Soramel 48 , S Sorensen 59 , I Sputowska 82 , J Stachel 28 , I Stan 60 , P Stankus 68 , P J Steffanic 59 , E Stenlund 4 , D Stocco 34 , M M Storetvedt 118 , L D Stritto 98 , A A P Suaide 73 , T Sugitate 143 , C Suire 36 , M Suleymanov 19 , M Suljic 6 , R Sultanov 12 , M Šumbera 2 , S Sumowidagdo 145 , S Swain 141 , A Szabo 138 , I Szarka 138 , U Tabassam 19 , G Taillepied 47 , J Takahashi 14 , G J Tambave 22 , S Tang 17, 47 , M Tarhini 34 , M G Tarzila 25 , A Tauro 6 , G Tejeda Muñoz 84 , A Telesca 6 , C Terrevoli 32 , D Thakur 100 , S Thakur 1 , D Thomas 66 , F Thoresen 53 , R Tieulent 89 , A Tikhonov 105 , A R Timmins 32 , A Toia 23 , N Topilskaya 105 , M Toppi 63 , F Torales-Acosta 104 , S R Torres 109, 119 , A Trifiro 37 , S Tripathy 100 , T Tripathy 51 , S Trogolo 48 , G Trombetta 102 , L Tropp 70 , V Trubnikov 21 , W H Trzaska 125 , T P Trzcinski 96 , B A Trzeciak 54 , T Tsuji 116 , A Tumkin 77 , R Turrisi 31 , T S Tveter 35 , K Ullaland 22 , E N Umaka 32 , A Uras 89 , G L Usai 69 , A Utrobicic 106 , M Vala 70 , N Valle 67 , S Vallero 16 , N van der Kolk 54 , L V R van Doremalen 54 , M van Leeuwen 54 , P Vande Vyvre 6 , D Varga 45 , Z Varga 45 , M Varga-Kofarago 45 , A Vargas 84 , M Vasileiou 110 , A Vasiliev 15 , O Vázquez Doce 42, 65 , V Vechernin 24 , A M Veen 54 , E Vercellin 44 , S Vergara Limón 84 , L Vermunt 54 , R Vernet 146 , R Vértesi 45 , L Vickovic 114 , Z Vilakazi 80 , O Villalobos Baillie 26 , A Villatoro Tello 84 , G Vino 87 , A Vinogradov 15 , T Virgili 98 , V Vislavicius 53 , A Vodopyanov 50 , B Volkel 6 , M A Völkl 142 , K Voloshin 12 , S A Voloshin 49 , G Volpe 102 , B von Haller 6 , I Vorobyev 42 , D Voscek 120 , J Vrláková 70 , B Wagner 22 , M Weber 78 , S G Weber 27 , A Wegrzynek 6 , D F Weiser 28 , S C Wenzel 6 , J P Wessels 27 , J Wiechula 23 , J Wikne 35 , G Wilk 101 , J Wilkinson 8, 9 , G A Willems 6 , E Willsher 26 , B Windelband 28 , M Winn 40 , W E Witt 59 , Y Wu 147 , R Xu 17 , S Yalcin 122 , K Yamakawa 143 , S Yang 22 , S Yano 40 , Z Yin 17 , H Yokoyama 54 , I-K Yoo 127 , J H Yoon 55 , S Yuan 22 , A Yuncu 28 , V Yurchenko 21 , V Zaccolo 85 , A Zaman 19 , C Zampolli 6 , H J C Zanoli 54 , N Zardoshti 6 , A Zarochentsev 24 , P Závada 134 , N Zaviyalov 77 , H Zbroszczyk 96 , M Zhalov 58 , S Zhang 133 , X Zhang 17 , Z Zhang 17 , V Zherebchevskii 24 , D Zhou 17 , Y Zhou 53 , Z Zhou 22 , J Zhu 13, 17 , Y Zhu 17 , A Zichichi 8, 20 , M B Zimmermann 6 , G Zinovjev 21 , N Zurlo 71 ,
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.012301 S Acharya 1 , D Adamová 2 , A Adler 3 , J Adolfsson 4 , M M Aggarwal 5 , G Aglieri Rinella 6 , M Agnello 7 , N Agrawal 8, 9 , Z Ahammed 1 , S Ahmad 10 , S U Ahn 11 , A Akindinov 12 , M Al-Turany 13 , S N Alam 1 , D S D Albuquerque 14 , D Aleksandrov 15 , B Alessandro 16 , H M Alfanda 17 , R Alfaro Molina 18 , B Ali 10 , Y Ali 19 , A Alici 8, 9, 20 , A Alkin 21 , J Alme 22 , T Alt 23 , L Altenkamper 22 , I Altsybeev 24 , M N Anaam 17 , C Andrei 25 , D Andreou 6 , H A Andrews 26 , A Andronic 27 , M Angeletti 6 , V Anguelov 28 , C Anson 29 , T Antičić 30 , F Antinori 31 , P Antonioli 9 , R Anwar 32 , N Apadula 33 , L Aphecetche 34 , H Appelshäuser 23 , S Arcelli 20 , R Arnaldi 16 , M Arratia 33 , I C Arsene 35 , M Arslandok 28 , A Augustinus 6 , R Averbeck 13 , S Aziz 36 , M D Azmi 10 , A Badalà 37 , Y W Baek 38 , S Bagnasco 16 , X Bai 13 , R Bailhache 23 , R Bala 39 , A Baldisseri 40 , M Ball 41 , S Balouza 42 , R Barbera 43 , L Barioglio 44 , G G Barnaföldi 45 , L S Barnby 46 , V Barret 47 , P Bartalini 17 , K Barth 6 , E Bartsch 23 , F Baruffaldi 48 , N Bastid 47 , S Basu 49 , G Batigne 34 , B Batyunya 50 , D Bauri 51 , J L Bazo Alba 52 , I G Bearden 53 , C Bedda 54 , N K Behera 55 , I Belikov 56 , A D C Bell Hechavarria 27 , F Bellini 6 , R Bellwied 32 , V Belyaev 57 , G Bencedi 45 , S Beole 44 , A Bercuci 25 , Y Berdnikov 58 , D Berenyi 45 , R A Bertens 59 , D Berzano 16 , M G Besoiu 60 , L Betev 6 , A Bhasin 39 , I R Bhat 39 , M A Bhat 61 , H Bhatt 51 , B Bhattacharjee 62 , A Bianchi 44 , L Bianchi 44 , N Bianchi 63 , J Bielčík 64 , J Bielčíková 2 , A Bilandzic 42, 65 , G Biro 45 , R Biswas 61 , S Biswas 61 , J T Blair 66 , D Blau 15 , C Blume 23 , G Boca 67 , F Bock 6, 68 , A Bogdanov 57 , S Boi 69 , L Boldizsár 45 , A Bolozdynya 57 , M Bombara 70 , G Bonomi 71 , H Borel 40 , A Borissov 27, 57 , H Bossi 72 , E Botta 44 , L Bratrud 23 , P Braun-Munzinger 13 , M Bregant 73 , M Broz 64 , E J Brucken 74 , E Bruna 16 , G E Bruno 75 , M D Buckland 76 , D Budnikov 77 , H Buesching 23 , S Bufalino 7 , O Bugnon 34 , P Buhler 78 , P Buncic 6 , Z Buthelezi 79, 80 , J B Butt 19 , J T Buxton 81 , S A Bysiak 82 , D Caffarri 83 , A Caliva 13 , E Calvo Villar 52 , R S Camacho 84 , P Camerini 85 , A A Capon 78 , F Carnesecchi 8, 20 , R Caron 40 , J Castillo Castellanos 40 , A J Castro 59 , E A R Casula 86 , F Catalano 7 , C Ceballos Sanchez 87 , P Chakraborty 51 , S Chandra 1 , W Chang 17 , S Chapeland 6 , M Chartier 76 , S Chattopadhyay 1 , S Chattopadhyay 88 , A Chauvin 69 , C Cheshkov 89 , B Cheynis 89 , V Chibante Barroso 6 , D D Chinellato 14 , S Cho 55 , P Chochula 6 , T Chowdhury 47 , P Christakoglou 83 , C H Christensen 53 , P Christiansen 4 , T Chujo 90 , C Cicalo 86 , L Cifarelli 8, 20 , F Cindolo 9 , J Cleymans 91 , F Colamaria 87 , D Colella 87 , A Collu 33 , M Colocci 20 , M Concas 16 , G Conesa Balbastre 92 , Z Conesa Del Valle 36 , G Contin 76, 85 , J G Contreras 64 , T M Cormier 68 , Y Corrales Morales 44 , P Cortese 93 , M R Cosentino 94 , F Costa 6 , S Costanza 67 , P Crochet 47 , E Cuautle 95 , P Cui 17 , L Cunqueiro 68 , D Dabrowski 96 , T Dahms 42, 65 , A Dainese 31 , F P A Damas 34, 40 , M C Danisch 28 , A Danu 60 , D Das 88 , I Das 88 , P Das 97 , P Das 61 , S Das 61 , A Dash 97 , S Dash 51 , S De 97 , A De Caro 98 , G de Cataldo 87 , J de Cuveland 99 , A De Falco 69 , D De Gruttola 8 , N De Marco 16 , S De Pasquale 98 , S Deb 100 , B Debjani 61 , H F Degenhardt 73 , K R Deja 96 , A Deloff 101 , S Delsanto 44, 80 , D Devetak 13 , P Dhankher 51 , D Di Bari 102 , A Di Mauro 6 , R A Diaz 103 , T Dietel 91 , P Dillenseger 23 , Y Ding 17 , R Divià 6 , D U Dixit 104 , Ø Djuvsland 22 , U Dmitrieva 105 , A Dobrin 6, 60 , B Dönigus 23 , O Dordic 35 , A K Dubey 1 , A Dubla 13 , S Dudi 5 , M Dukhishyam 97 , P Dupieux 47 , R J Ehlers 72 , V N Eikeland 22 , D Elia 87 , H Engel 3 , E Epple 72 , B Erazmus 34 , F Erhardt 106 , A Erokhin 24 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Affiliation
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The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons ( and ) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element is measured at midrapidity () in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy () of 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector. values are found to be less than ( implies no spin alignment) at low transverse momentum () for and at a level of and , respectively. No significant spin alignment is observed for the meson () in Pb-Pb collisions and for the vector mesons in collisions. The measured spin alignment is unexpectedly large but qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute it to a polarization of quarks in the presence of angular momentum in heavy-ion collisions and a subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination.
中文翻译：
相对论重离子碰撞中自旋轨道角动量相互作用的证据。
矢量介子自旋对准的第一个证据（ 和 据报道，在大型强子对撞机（LHC）发生重离子碰撞时。自旋密度矩阵元素 在中速时测量（）在质心能量（）和ALICE检测器的2.76 TeV）。 发现值小于 （ 表示没有自旋对准）在低横向动量（） 和 在...的水平 和 ， 分别。没有观察到明显的自旋对准 介子（）在Pb-Pb碰撞中以及在矢量介子中 碰撞。测得的自旋对准出乎意料地大，但在质量上与模型的预期一致，这归因于重离子碰撞中角动量存在时夸克的极化和重组过程随后的强子化。
更新日期：2020-06-30
中文翻译：
相对论重离子碰撞中自旋轨道角动量相互作用的证据。
矢量介子自旋对准的第一个证据（ 和 据报道，在大型强子对撞机（LHC）发生重离子碰撞时。自旋密度矩阵元素 在中速时测量（）在质心能量（）和ALICE检测器的2.76 TeV）。 发现值小于 （ 表示没有自旋对准）在低横向动量（） 和 在...的水平 和 ， 分别。没有观察到明显的自旋对准 介子（）在Pb-Pb碰撞中以及在矢量介子中 碰撞。测得的自旋对准出乎意料地大，但在质量上与模型的预期一致，这归因于重离子碰撞中角动量存在时夸克的极化和重组过程随后的强子化。
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