ABSTRACT Capsule: There has been no trend in nest survival of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates minor in the 70 years since the 1940s whereas the numbers of young per nesting attempt has declined. Late nests in any year are now significantly less productive than early ones. Aims: To test whether there has been a long-term decline in the nest survival and productivity of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker in Britain. Methods: Breeding data from 331 nests over the period 1949–2019 have been analysed. There were three sources – nest records submitted to the British Trust for Ornithology, a study by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds from 2006 to 2009 and records submitted to the Woodpecker Network from 2015 to 2019. Generalized linear models were used to analyse the records for first egg date, clutch size, numbers of young fledged, and numbers of nest days for which the nest was under observation. Data were grouped into three periods reflecting population trends of the bird (pre-1980, 1980–1999, 2000–2019) and we also analysed trends with year and spring temperature. Results: There was no trend in first egg date up to 1980 but subsequently it has advanced by 13 days. The mean clutch was 5.3 with no trend with period or year. There were no trends in nest survival during the egg stage or chick rearing. The mean number of young fledged was 2.6, with nests since 1980 fledging lower numbers of young than those pre-1980 and a decline with year. Loss of chicks, probably to starvation, was the main cause of low productivity. In the last period (2000–2019) nests started early in the season fledged more young than those started later, a trend not apparent in the earlier periods. Conclusions: Low productivity is a widespread problem for the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker which has probably been exacerbated by the trend towards warm springs.

中文翻译：

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英国小斑点啄木鸟幼鸟的巢穴存活率和生产力的长期趋势

摘要胶囊：自 1940 年代以来的 70 年中，小斑点啄木鸟幼体的筑巢存活率没有趋势，而每次筑巢尝试的幼鸟数量有所下降。任何年份的晚巢现在都比早巢的生产力低得多。目的：测试英国小斑点啄木鸟的巢穴存活率和生产力是否长期下降。方法：分析了 1949 年至 2019 年期间 331 个鸟巢的繁殖数据。有三个来源——提交给英国鸟类学信托基金的巢记录、皇家鸟类保护协会 2006 年至 2009 年的一项研究以及 2015 年至 2019 年提交给啄木鸟网络的记录。广义线性模型用于分析记录第一个鸡蛋日期，离合器大小，幼鸟数量，以及观察巢穴的巢穴天数。数据分为三个时期，反映了鸟类的种群趋势（1980 年之前、1980-1999 年、2000-2019 年），我们还分析了年份和春季温度的趋势。结果：至1980年首个卵期无趋势，但随后提前了13天。平均离合器为 5.3，没有时期或年份的趋势。在卵阶段或雏鸡饲养期间，巢存活率没有趋势。幼鸟的平均数量为 2.6 只，自 1980 年以来的巢中幼鸟的数量低于 1980 年之前的幼鸟数量，并且逐年下降。小鸡的损失，可能是因为饥饿，是生产力低下的主要原因。在最后一个时期（2000-2019 年），在本赛季早期开始的巢比那些后期开始的巢更年轻，这一趋势在早期并不明显。