The arches of the foot play a vital role in cushioning the impact and pressure generated from ground reaction forces due to body weight. Owing to a lack of normal human arch structure, people diagnosed as having flat feet often have discomfort in the soles of their feet. The results may not only cause inappropriate foot pressure distribution on the sole but also further cause foot injuries. This study heavily relies on a homemade foot pressure sensing device equipped with textured insoles of different heights and artificial arches. This was to explore the extent to which the pressure distribution of the foot in people with flat feet could be improved. A further comparison was made of the effects of using the textured insoles with different heights on two different groups of people diagnosed with flat and normal feet respectively. Sixty-five undergraduate and postgraduate volunteers were invited to receive the ink footprint test for measuring their degrees of arch index. Nine of these 65 had 2 flat feet, 3 had a left flat foot, 5 had a right flat foot, and 48 had 2 normal feet. To ensure the same number of subjects in both the control and the experimental groups, 9 of the 48 subjects who had normal feet were randomly selected. In total, 26 subjects (Male: 25, Female: 1; Age: 22 ± 1 years; height: 173.6 ± 2.5 cm; body mass: 68.3 ± 5.4 kg; BMI: 22.6 ± 1.2) were invited to participate in this foot pressure sensing insoles study. The experimental results showed that the use of textured insoles designed with different heights could not effectively improve the plantar pressure distribution and body stability in subjects with flat feet. Conversely, the use of an artificial arch effectively improved the excessive peak in pressure and poor body stability, and alleviated the problem of plantar collapse for patients with flat feet, especially in the inner part of their hallux and forefoot.

中文翻译：

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人造纹理鞋垫和足弓对改善扁平足足弓塌陷的影响。

脚的足弓在减轻由于体重引起的地面反作用力产生的冲击和压力方面起着至关重要的作用。由于缺乏正常的人牙弓结构，被诊断为扁平足的人脚底经常感到不适。结果不仅可能导致脚底压力分布不当，还可能导致脚部受伤。这项研究严重依赖于自制的足压传感设备，该设备配备了不同高度的纹理鞋垫和人造足弓。这是为了探索扁平脚人群中足部压力分布的改善程度。进一步比较了使用不同高度的纹理鞋垫对分别被诊断为扁平脚和正常脚的两组不同人群的影响。邀请65名大学生和研究生志愿者接受墨水足迹测试，以测量他们的足弓指数。这65个中有9个具有2个平足，3个具有左平足，5个具有右平足，还有48个具有2个正常足。为了确保对照组和实验组的受试者人数相同，随机选择了48名正常脚的受试者中的9名。总共26位受试者（男：25，女：1;年龄：22±1岁;身高：173.6±2.5 cm;体重：68.3±5.4 kg; BMI：22.6±1.2）被邀请参加此足压测试感应鞋垫研究。实验结果表明，使用不同高度的纹理化鞋垫不能有效改善扁平足受试者的足底压力分布和身体稳定性。反过来，