The Cephalopoda are a group of highly diverse marine species in the phylum Mollusca, which are distributed worldwide. They have evolved some vertebrate‐like biological traits and exhibit complicated behavioural repertoires. Thus, they are interesting species for studying the mechanisms of evolutionary convergence, innovational functional structures and evolutionary adaptation to a highly active, predatory lifestyle in diverse marine environments. Despite the evolutionary placement and biological significance of cephalopods, genomic data on these organisms remain limited. Here, we assembled a chromosome‐level genome of a female East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) by combining Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) single‐molecule real‐time sequencing, Illumina paired‐end sequencing and Hi‐C technology. An O. sinensis genome of 2.72 Gb was assembled from a total of 245.01 Gb high‐quality PacBio sequences. The assembled genome represents 80.2% completeness (BUSCO) with a contig N50 of 490.36 Kb and a scaffold N50 of 105.89 Mb, showing a considerable improvement compared with other sequenced cephalopod genomes. Hi‐C scaffolding of the genome resulted in the construction of 30 pseudochromosomes in Cephalopoda, representing 96.41% of the assembled sequences. The genome contained 42.26% repeat sequences and 5,245 noncoding RNAs. A total of 31,676 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 82.73% were functionally annotated. The comparative genomic analysis identified 17,020 orthologous gene families, including 819 unique gene families and 629 expanded gene families. This genomic information will be an important molecular resource for further investigation of biological function and evolutionary adaptations in octopuses, and facilitate research into their population genetics and comparative evolution.

中文翻译：

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使用 PacBio 测序和 Hi-C 技术对东亚普通章鱼 (Octopus sinensis) 进行染色体水平的基因组组装。

头足类是软体动物门中一组高度多样化的海洋物种，分布于世界各地。它们已经进化出一些类似脊椎动物的生物学特征，并表现出复杂的行为谱。因此，它们是研究进化趋同机制、创新功能结构和进化适应不同海洋环境中高度活跃的掠食性生活方式的有趣物种。尽管头足类动物具有进化定位和生物学意义，但关于这些生物的基因组数据仍然有限。在这里，我们结合 Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) 单分子实时测序、Illumina 双端测序和 Hi-C 技术，组装了雌性东亚普通章鱼 ( Octopus sinensis )的染色体水平基因组。一个中华红豆杉2.72 Gb 的基因组由总共 245.01 Gb 的高质量 PacBio 序列组装而成。组装的基因组代表 80.2% 的完整性（BUSCO），contig N50 为 490.36 Kb，支架 N50 为 105.89 Mb，与其他已测序的头足类基因组相比显示出相当大的改进。基因组的 Hi-C 支架导致在头足类动物中构建了 30 条假染色体，占组装序列的 96.41%。该基因组包含 42.26% 的重复序列和 5,245 个非编码 RNA。共预测了 31,676 个蛋白质编码基因，其中 82.73% 被功能注释。比较基因组分析确定了 17,020 个直系同源基因家族，包括 819 个独特基因家族和 629 个扩展基因家族。