Polyhydroxymethylenes as Multifunctional High Molecular Weight Sugar Alcohols Tailored for 3D Printing and Medical Applications,Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics

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Polyhydroxymethylenes as Multifunctional High Molecular Weight Sugar Alcohols Tailored for 3D Printing and Medical Applications
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000132
Benjamin Stolz _{1,

2} , Florian Mönkemeyer _{1,

2} , Markus Mader _{1,

2} , Stanislaus Schmidt ₃ , Lukas Volk _{4,

5} , Thorsten Steinberg ₄ , Bernd Bruchmann ₃ , Rolf Mülhaupt _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Common sugar alcohols used as artificial sweeteners and components of polymer networks represent low molecular weight polyhydroxymethylenes (PHMs) with the general formula [CH(OH)]_nH₂ but very low degree of polymerization (n = 2–6). Herein high molecular weight PHM (n >> 100) unparalleled in nature is tailored for 3D printing and medical applications by free radical polymerization of 1,3‐dioxol‐2‐one vinylene carbonate to produce polyvinylene carbonate (PVCA) which yields PHM by hydrolysis. Furthermore, PVCA is solution processable and enables PHM functionalization, membrane formation, and extrusion‐based 3D printing. Opposite to cellulose, amorphous PHM is plasticized by water and is readily functionalized via PVCA aminolysis/hydrolysis to produce polyhydroxymethylene urethane (PHMU), enable PHM crosslinking and coupling of PHM with amine‐functional components like gelatin. After hydrolysis/aminolysis the original PVCA shapes are retained. PVCA solution casting yields PVCA and PHM which exhibits uniform and hierarchic pore architectures. Asymmetric membranes, hydrogels, PHM/collagen blends, and electrospun nonwovens of PVCA, PHM, and PHMU are readily tailored for medical applications. 3D printing of PVCA dispersions containing hydroxyapatite affords porous PVCA, PHMU, and PHM scaffolds useful in regenerative medicine. PHM and functionalized PHMs as carbohydrate‐inspired multifunctional materials indicate in vitro biocompatibility and hold great promise for applications in medicine and health care.

中文翻译：

专为3D打印和医学应用量身定制的多功能羟基高分子糖醇

用作人造甜味剂和聚合物网络组分的常见糖醇代表通式[CH（OH）] _n H _2的低分子量聚羟基亚甲基（PHM），但聚合度极低（n = 2-6）。本文中的高分子量PHM（n >> 100）具有无与伦比的特性，可通过1，3-二氧杂-2--2-碳酸亚乙烯酯的自由基聚合反应制得碳酸亚乙烯酯（PVCA），该3D打印和医学应用可通过水解生成PHM。此外，PVCA可以进行溶液处理，并可以实现PHM功能化，成膜和基于挤出的3D打印。与纤维素相反，无定形的PHM可被水塑化，并易于通过PVCA氨解/水解功能化，以生产聚羟甲基氨基甲酸酯（PHMU），使PHM交联并使PHM与胺功能性组分（如明胶）偶联。水解/氨解后，保留了原来的PVCA形状。PVCA溶液浇铸产生的PVCA和PHM具有均匀且分层的孔结构。非对称膜，水凝胶，PHM /胶原蛋白混合物，PVCA，PHM和PHMU的电纺无纺布很容易为医疗应用量身定制。包含羟基磷灰石的PVCA分散体的3D打印提供了可用于再生医学的多孔PVCA，PHMU和PHM支架。PHM和功能化PHM作为碳水化合物启发的多功能材料，具有体外生物相容性，在医学和医疗保健领域具有广阔的应用前景。

更新日期：2020-06-30

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