Available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most common elements limiting the success of ecosystem restoration. Soil microbial communities, harbouring the alkaline metalloprotease (apr) gene and alkaline phosphatase activity gene (phoD), play a crucial role in regulating and maintaining soil available N and P. However, the dynamics of apr‐ and phoD‐harbouring bacteria and their contributions to regulating soil available N and P balances remain largely unexplored as ecological restoration proceeded. In this study, we investigated the community dynamics of apr‐ and phoD‐harbouring bacteria during the plant growing season in association with the long‐term passive (40 years) and active (35 years) restoration of degraded ecosystems. The results showed that soil available N steadily increased while available P typically decreased as ecosystem restoration proceeded. The passive and active restoration efforts resulted in a higher available N balance than available P balance. Passive and active restoration significantly enhanced the abundances, diversities of OTUs, and beta diversities of apr‐ and phoD‐harbouring bacteria. Notably, the alpha diversity of apr‐harbouring bacteria did not keep pace with that of phoD‐harbouring bacteria with increased site age. Our results indicated that the distinct beta diversities of the apr‐ and phoD‐harbouring bacteria were the predominant cause of the variation in the available N and P balance. Our findings provide a foundation for a better understanding of the distinct responses of apr‐ and phoD‐harbouring bacteria to ecological restoration and how they ultimately regulate the available N and P balance in the developing soils of degraded ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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随着生态恢复的进行，土壤中有效氮和磷受到细菌群落功能和多样性的影响

可用氮（N）和磷（P）是限制生态系统恢复成功的最常见元素。携带碱性金属蛋白酶（apr）基因和碱性磷酸酶活性基因（phoD）的土壤微生物群落在调节和维持土壤中有效氮和磷方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，携带apr和phoD的细菌的动力学及其贡献随着生态恢复的进行，调节土壤有效氮和磷平衡的措施仍未开发。在这项研究中，我们调查的群落动态四月-和phoD在植物生长期捕获细菌，并与退化的生态系统进行长期的被动恢复（40年）和主动恢复（35年）。结果表明，随着生态系统的恢复，土壤有效氮稳定增加，而有效磷通常减少。被动和主动的恢复工作导致可用的N余额高于可用的P余额。被动和主动恢复显着增强了OTU的丰度，多样性以及携带apr和phoD的细菌的beta多样性。值得注意的是，阿尔法多样性四月-harbouring细菌并没有保持与步伐phoD捕捞细菌，增加了工龄。我们的结果表明，apr和phoD携带细菌的独特β多样性是有效氮和磷平衡变化的主要原因。我们的发现提供了一个更好地了解不同响应的基础四月-和phoD -harbouring细菌生态恢复，以及它们如何最终调节退化的生态系统的发展土壤速效氮和磷平衡。