Variation in social environment can mitigate risks and rewards associated with occupying a particular patch. We aim to integrate Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) and Geometry of the Selfish Herd (GSH) to address an apparent conflict in their predictions of equal mean fitness between patches (IFD) and declining fitness benefits within a patch (GSH). We tested these hypotheses in a socio‐spatial context using individual caribou that were aggregated or disaggregated during calving and varied in their annual reproductive success (ARS). We then tested individual consistency of these spatial tactics. We reveal that two socio‐spatial tactics accorded similar mean ARS (IFD); however, ARS for aggregated individuals declined near the periphery (GSH). Individuals near the aggregation periphery exhibited flexibility, whereas others were consistent. The integration of classical theories through a contemporary lens of consistent individual differences provides evidence for an integrated GSH and IFD strategy that may represent an evolutionary stable state.

中文翻译：

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理想的自由分配的几何形状：个体的行为变化和社会有蹄类动物的聚集中的年度繁殖成功。

社会环境的变化可以减轻与占用特定补丁相关的风险和回报。我们的目标是整合理想自由分布（IFD）和自私牛群的几何形状（GSH），以解决他们在补丁之间平均均等度（IFD）和补丁内部的适度收益下降（GSH）的预测中存在的明显矛盾。我们使用个体驯鹿在产犊期间聚集或分解，并在其年度繁殖成功率（ARS）上有所变化，在社会空间背景下检验了这些假设。然后，我们测试了这些空间策略的个体一致性。我们发现，两种社会空间策略都采用了相似的平均ARS（IFD）。但是，聚集个人的ARS在外围（GSH）附近下降。聚集外围附近的个体表现出灵活性，而其他个体则保持一致。