The fauna of decapod crustaceans in the Southern Ocean has historically been considered impoverished, with only about a dozen species of decapod shrimp overall, of which only three species are common and abundant on the Antarctic continental shelf. Crabs and lobsters were assumed to be absent or very rare in the Southern Ocean, mainly ascribed to the physiological constraint of cold polar waters. Polar temperatures have been hypothesised to reduce decapod activity, especially in combination with high magnesium levels in the haemolymph ([Mg2+ ]HL ), as [Mg2+ ] has a relaxant effect. Mg2+ is abundant in seawater and in combination with polar temperatures causes relaxant effect in Crustacea (Frederich et al., 2001). Since most crabs are capable of regulating [Mg2+ ]HL only slightly below the [Mg2+ ] of seawater, their ability to maintain activity should be hampered (Frederich et al., 2001, Aronson et al. 2015a).

中文翻译：

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从深海到浅海：移动中的南极帝王蟹

南大洋的十足目甲壳类动物群历来被认为是贫困的，总共只有十几种十足目虾，其中只有三种在南极大陆架上常见且丰富。螃蟹和龙虾被认为在南大洋不存在或非常罕见，主要归因于寒冷的极地水域的生理限制。假设极地温度会降低十足类动物的活动，特别是与血淋巴中的高镁水平 ([Mg2+ ]HL ) 相结合，因为 [Mg2+ ] 具有松弛作用。Mg2+ 在海水中含量丰富，并且与极地温度相结合会在甲壳类动物中产生松弛作用（Frederich 等人，2001 年）。由于大多数螃蟹能够调节的 [Mg2+ ]HL 仅略低于海水的 [Mg2+ ]，