Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with the highest mortality among this gender. Despite treatment strategies including surgery, hormone therapy and targeted therapy have recently advanced, innovative biomarkers are needed for the early detection, treatment and prognosis. An increasing number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have shown great potential as crucial players in different stages of the breast cancer tumorigenesis, influencing cell death, metabolism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and drug resistance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), specifically, are a class of RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides, which have also been shown to exerts oncogenic or tumour suppressive roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. LncRNAs are implicated in different molecular mechanisms by regulating gene expressions and functions at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Here, we aim to briefly discuss the latest existing body of knowledge regarding the key functions and the molecular mechanisms of some of the most relevant lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.

乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症，在该性别中死亡率最高。尽管包括手术、激素治疗和靶向治疗在内的治疗策略最近取得了进展，但早期发现、治疗和预后仍需要创新的生物标志物。越来越多的非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 在乳腺癌肿瘤发生的不同阶段显示出巨大的潜力，可影响细胞死亡、代谢、上皮-间质转化 (EMT)、转移和耐药性。具体而言，长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 是一类长度大于 200 个核苷酸的 RNA 转录物，其也已被证明在乳腺癌的发病机制中发挥致癌或肿瘤抑制作用。LncRNA 通过在转录、翻译和翻译后水平上调节基因表达和功能，参与不同的分子机制。在这里，我们旨在简要讨论有关一些最相关的 lncRNA 在乳腺癌发病机制、治疗和预后中的关键功能和分子机制的最新知识体系。