In 30% of epileptic individuals, intractable epilepsy represents a problem for the management of seizures and severely affects the patient's quality of life due to pharmacoresistance with commonly used antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Surgery is not the best option for all resistant patients due to its post-surgical consequences. Therefore, several alternative or complementary therapies have scientifically proven significant therapeutic potential for the management of seizures in intractable epilepsy patients with seizure-free occurrences. Various non-pharmacological interventions include metabolic therapy, brain stimulation therapy, and complementary therapy. Metabolic therapy works out by altering the energy metabolites and include the ketogenic diets (KD) (that is restricted in carbohydrates and mimics the metabolic state of the body as produced during fasting and exerts its antiepileptic effect) and anaplerotic diet (which revives the level of TCA cycle intermediates and this is responsible for its effect). Neuromodulation therapy includes vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation therapy (RNS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy (TMS). Complementary therapies such as biofeedback and music therapy have demonstrated promising results in pharmacoresistant epilepsies. The current emphasis of the review article is to explore the different integrated mechanisms of various treatments for adequate seizure control, and their limitations, and supportive pieces of evidence that show the efficacy and tolerability of these non-pharmacological options.

在30％的癫痫患者中，难治性癫痫症代表癫痫发作的治疗问题，并且由于使用常用的抗癫痫发作药物（ASD）引起的药物抗药性，严重影响了患者的生活质量。由于手术后的后果，手术并不是所有耐药患者的最佳选择。因此，几种替代疗法或补充疗法已被科学证明具有治疗无癫痫发作难治性癫痫患者癫痫发作的重大治疗潜力。各种非药物干预包括代谢疗法，脑部刺激疗法和辅助疗法。代谢疗法通过改变能量代谢产物而起作用，包括生酮饮食（KD）（碳水化合物含量有限，模仿禁食期间产生的人体代谢状态，并发挥其抗癫痫作用）和抗衰老饮食（可以恢复体内的水平）。 TCA循环中间体，这是其作用的原因）。神经调节疗法包括迷走神经刺激（VNS），反应性神经刺激疗法（RNS）和经颅磁刺激疗法（TMS）。诸如生物反馈和音乐疗法之类的补充疗法已在药物耐受性癫痫病中显示出令人鼓舞的结果。这篇评论文章当前的重点是探索各种治疗有效控制癫痫发作的不同综合机制及其局限性，